Activities/Abacus - Revision history

Rdrsadhu: Add header

2018-06-15T03:47:08Z

Add header

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:47, 14 June 2018
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	~~Wiki Page Status: <span style~~=~~"color:#ff0000"> DEPRECATED </span>~~		== Abacus ==

	Read at https://help.sugarlabs.org~~/en~~/abacus.html		Read at https://help.sugarlabs.org/abacus.html

	The source file has been moved to [https://github.com/godiard/help-activity/blob/master/source/abacus.rst GitHub]		The source file has been moved to [https://github.com/godiard/help-activity/blob/master/source/abacus.rst GitHub]

Rdrsadhu at 05:41, 27 March 2018

2018-03-27T05:41:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:41, 27 March 2018
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	Status: <span style="color:#ff0000"> DEPRECATED </span>		Wiki Page Status: <span style="color:#ff0000"> DEPRECATED </span>

	Read at https://help.sugarlabs.org/en/abacus.html		Read at https://help.sugarlabs.org/en/abacus.html

	The source file has been moved to [https://github.com/godiard/help-activity/blob/master/source/abacus.rst GitHub]		The source file has been moved to [https://github.com/godiard/help-activity/blob/master/source/abacus.rst GitHub]

Rdrsadhu: Migrate to GitHub

2018-03-27T05:38:06Z

Migrate to GitHub

Show changes

Walter: /* Learning with Abacus */

2012-04-07T18:56:36Z

Learning with Abacus

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:56, 7 April 2012
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	==Learning with Abacus==		==Learning with Abacus==

	[[Activities/Abacus/Worksheet\|~~Various~~ lesson plans]] for using ~~an abacus~~ here.		* [[Activities/Abacus/Worksheet\|Some lesson plans]] for using Abacus are found here.

	It is possible to create ~~your own~~ abacus. I often use the example of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_mathematics#Sumerian_mathematics_.283000_.E2.80.94_2300_BC.29 Sumerian mathematics]: the Sumerians counted on the digital bones (phalanges) of their fingers, so the base of their counting system was 12. All of the 12s (and 60s) we have in our mathemateics, e.g., 12 hours, 60 seconds, etc. have their roots in Sumerian math. But the Sumerians never invented an abacus. What would a Sumerian abacus look like?		* Using beads or pebbles, you can make an abacus. What is the difference between the abacus on the computer and a physical abacus?

			* It is possible to create a custom abacus. I often use the example of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_mathematics#Sumerian_mathematics_.283000_.E2.80.94_2300_BC.29 Sumerian mathematics]: the Sumerians counted on the digital bones (phalanges) of their fingers, so the base of their counting system was 12. All of the 12s (and 60s) we have in our mathemateics, e.g., 12 hours, 60 seconds, etc. have their roots in Sumerian math. But the Sumerians never invented an abacus. What would a Sumerian abacus look like?

	==Extending Abacus==		==Extending Abacus==

Walter: /* Learning with Abacus */

2012-04-07T18:52:51Z

Learning with Abacus

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:52, 7 April 2012
Line 188:		Line 188:
	==Learning with Abacus==		==Learning with Abacus==

	[Activities/Abacus/Worksheet \|Various lesson plans]] for using an abacus here.		[[Activities/Abacus/Worksheet\|Various lesson plans]] for using an abacus here.

	It is possible to create your own abacus. I often use the example of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_mathematics#Sumerian_mathematics_.283000_.E2.80.94_2300_BC.29 Sumerian mathematics]: the Sumerians counted on the digital bones (phalanges) of their fingers, so the base of their counting system was 12. All of the 12s (and 60s) we have in our mathemateics, e.g., 12 hours, 60 seconds, etc. have their roots in Sumerian math. But the Sumerians never invented an abacus. What would a Sumerian abacus look like?		It is possible to create your own abacus. I often use the example of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_mathematics#Sumerian_mathematics_.283000_.E2.80.94_2300_BC.29 Sumerian mathematics]: the Sumerians counted on the digital bones (phalanges) of their fingers, so the base of their counting system was 12. All of the 12s (and 60s) we have in our mathemateics, e.g., 12 hours, 60 seconds, etc. have their roots in Sumerian math. But the Sumerians never invented an abacus. What would a Sumerian abacus look like?

Walter: /* Clearing the abacus */

2012-04-07T17:38:26Z

Clearing the abacus

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:38, 7 April 2012
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	=== Clearing the abacus ===		=== Clearing the abacus ===

	Before you start an arithmetic operation, you need to "clear" the abacus. The upper beads should be positioned against the top of the frame and the lower beads should be positioned against the bottom of the frame. This is the default position for the abacus when you launch the activity. (Note that some of the abacuses (e.g., the schety) do not have any upper beads. In such cases, all of the beads should start in the down position.)		Before you start an arithmetic operation, you need to "clear" the abacus. The upper beads should be positioned against the top of the frame and the lower beads should be positioned against the bottom of the frame. This is the default position for the abacus when you launch the activity.
			:Note that some of the abacuses (e.g., the schety) do not have any upper beads. In such cases, all of the beads should start in the down position.
			:Also note that the Clear Button on the main toolbar will also clear the abacus for you.

	=== Reading the abacus ===		=== Reading the abacus ===

Walter: /* About Abacus */

2012-04-07T17:36:16Z

About Abacus

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:36, 7 April 2012
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	[[File:Abacus-icon.png]]		[[File:Abacus-icon.png]]

	[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus Abacus] lets the learner explore different representations of numbers using different mechanical counting systems developed by the ancient Romans and Chinese. There are several different variants available for exploration: a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suanpan suanpan], the traditional Chinese abacus with 2 beads on top and 5 beads below; a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soroban soroban], the traditional Japanese abacus with 1 bead on top and 4 beads below; the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus#Russian_abacus schety], the traditional Russian abacus, with 10 beads per column, with the exception of one column with just 4 beads used for counting in fourths; and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus#Native_American_abaci nepohualtzintzin], a Mayan abacus, 3 beads on top and 4 beads below (base 20). There is also a binary abacus, a hexadecimal abacus, and several abacuses that lets you calculate with common fractions: 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/8, 1/9, 1/10, and 1/12. ~~As of Version 9,~~ there is a customization toolbar that lets you design your own abacus. ~~There is an~~ [[Activities/Yupana\|Incan abacus (Yupana)]] as a standalone program.		[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus Abacus] lets the learner explore different representations of numbers using different mechanical counting systems developed by the ancient Romans and Chinese. There are several different variants available for exploration: a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suanpan suanpan], the traditional Chinese abacus with 2 beads on top and 5 beads below; a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soroban soroban], the traditional Japanese abacus with 1 bead on top and 4 beads below; the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus#Russian_abacus schety], the traditional Russian abacus, with 10 beads per column, with the exception of one column with just 4 beads used for counting in fourths; and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus#Native_American_abaci nepohualtzintzin], a Mayan abacus, 3 beads on top and 4 beads below (base 20). There is also a binary abacus, a hexadecimal abacus, and several abacuses that lets you calculate with common fractions: 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/8, 1/9, 1/10, and 1/12. And there is a customization toolbar that lets you design your own abacus. The [[Activities/Yupana\|Incan abacus (Yupana)]] as a standalone program.

	[http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activities/Abacus/Abacos Traducción español]		[http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activities/Abacus/Abacos Traducción español]

Walter: /* A gallery */

2012-04-07T15:29:29Z

A gallery

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:29, 7 April 2012
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	;create: you must push this button to activate the selections you've made		;create: you must push this button to activate the selections you've made

	=== ~~A gallery~~ ===		=== Gallery of abaci ===

	<gallery>		<gallery>

Walter: /* The toolbars */

2012-04-07T15:28:58Z

The toolbars

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:28, 7 April 2012
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	;custom button: your custom abacus		;custom button: your custom abacus

	[[Image:Abacus Toolbar 4.png]]		[[Image:Abacus Toolbar 4.png\|800px]]

	From left to right:		From left to right:

Walter: /* The toolbars */

2012-04-07T15:28:14Z

The toolbars

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:28, 7 April 2012
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	=== The toolbars ===		=== The toolbars ===
			[[Image:Abacus Toolbar 1.png\|800px]]

	~~{\| border=0~~		From left to right:
	\|-		;project-toolbar button: see below
	\|		;edit-toolbar button: see below
	~~[[Image:Abacus Toolbar 1.png]]~~		;abacus-toolbar button: see below
	\|-		;customization-toolbar button
	\|From left to right:		;clear button: clear the abacus
	* project-toolbar button		;stop button: exit the activity
	* edit-toolbar button
	* abacus-toolbar button		[[Image:Abacus Toolbar 2.png\|800px]]
	* customization-toolbar button
	* clear button (clear the abacus)		From left to right:
	* stop button		;copy: copy current value to clipboard
	\|-		;paste: paste a value from the clipboard into the abacus
	\|[[Image:Abacus Toolbar 2.png]]
	\|-		[[Image:Abacus Toolbar 3.png\|800px]]
	\|From left to right:
	* copy (copy current value to clipboard)		From left to right:
	* paste (paste a value from the clipboard into the abacus)		;decimal button: decimal abacus
	\|-		;soroban button: Japanese abacus
	\|[[Image:Abacus Toolbar 3.png]]		;saupan button: Chinese abacus
	\|-		;nepohualtzintzin button: Mayan abacus
	\|From left to right:		;hexadecimal button: hexadecimal abacus
	* decimal button (decimal abacus)		;binary button: binary abacus
	* soroban button (Japanese abacus)		;schety button: Russian abacus
	* saupan button (Chinese abacus)		;fraction button: fraction abacus
	* nepohualtzintzin button (Mayan abacus)		;Caacupe button: fraction abacus with +/–
	* hexadecimal button (hexadecimal abacus)		;rod button: Cuisenaire-like abacus
	* binary button (binary abacus)		;custom button: your custom abacus
	* schety button (Russian abacus)
	* fraction button (fraction abacus)		[[Image:Abacus Toolbar 4.png]]
	* Caacupe button (fraction abacus with +/–)
	* rod button (Cuisenaire-like abacus)		From left to right:
	* custom button (your custom abacus)		;rods: select the number of rods:
	\|-		;top beads: select the number of beads on the top of the frame
	\|[[Image:Abacus Toolbar 4.png]]		;bottom: select the number of beads on the bottom of the frame
	\|-		;factor: select the multiplication factor of top beads (e.g., on the Chinese abacus, each top bead counts as 5× the value of a bottom bead on the same rod)
	\|From left to right:		;base: select the base to determine the value of bottom beads across rods; this is 10 on most conventional abacuses, but 20 on the Mayan abacus, 16 on the hexadecimal abacus, and 2 on the binary abacus.
	* select the number of rods		;create: you must push this button to activate the selections you've made
	* select the number of beads on the top of the frame
	* select the number of beads on the bottom of the frame		=== A gallery ===
	* select the multiplication factor of top beads (e.g., on the Chinese abacus, each top bead counts as 5× the value of a bottom bead on the same rod)
	* select the base to determine the value of bottom beads across rods; this is 10 on most conventional abacuses, but 20 on the Mayan abacus, 16 on the hexadecimal abacus, and 2 on the binary abacus.
	* new-abacus button (you must push this button to activate the selections you've made)
	\|}

	<gallery>		<gallery>