Activities/Turtle Art/Tutorials/Numerals - Revision history

Rdrsadhu: Migrate to GitHub

2018-07-28T13:25:59Z

Migrate to GitHub

FGrose: moved Activities/TurtleArt/Tutorials/Numerals to Activities/Turtle Art/Tutorials/Numerals: deCamelCase

2012-07-23T15:37:26Z

moved Activities/TurtleArt/Tutorials/Numerals to Activities/Turtle Art/Tutorials/Numerals: deCamelCase

← Older revision	Revision as of 11:37, 23 July 2012
(No difference)

Mokurai: Edit for clarity

2011-07-31T01:28:40Z

Edit for clarity

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:28, 30 July 2011
Line 11:		Line 11:
	The first three of these are very similar to our modern numerals, except that the 2 and 3 have been turned sideways during their migrations. The numeral for 4 has been given a smaller turn, and a stroke added.		The first three of these are very similar to our modern numerals, except that the 2 and 3 have been turned sideways during their migrations. The numeral for 4 has been given a smaller turn, and a stroke added.

	Kharosthi numerals exist for 5–9, but these are not of the visual type. It was also possible to write numbers in Kharosthi in something like the manner of Roman numerals, so that 2 would be 𐩀𐩀. However, Kharosthi ~~indicates a custom of counting on four fingers but not the thumb, so it~~ uses a numeral for 4 rather than 5 as in Roman numerals. The Kharosthi numeral for 4 is very similar to X, so 7 in Kharosthi can be approximated in ASCII (right-to-left, again) )))X.		Kharosthi numerals exist for 5–9, but these are not of the visual type. It was also possible to write numbers in Kharosthi in something like the manner of Roman numerals, so that 2 would be 𐩀𐩀. However, Kharosthi uses a numeral for 4 rather than 5 as in Roman numerals, indicating a custom of counting on four fingers but not the thumb. The Kharosthi numeral for 4 is very similar to X, so 7 in Kharosthi can be approximated in ASCII (right-to-left, again) )))X.

	Naturally, we can teach a Turtle how to write this second form of Kharosthi numerals.		Naturally, we can teach a Turtle how to write this second form of Kharosthi numerals.
Line 23:		Line 23:
	==Visual numerals in Unicode==		==Visual numerals in Unicode==

	Here are many of the visual numerals that have made it into Unicode as characters, first as ~~a graphic~~, so that you can see them even if you do not have all of the fonts needed to display them. Then I have provided them as text so that you can test which fonts you lack.		Here are many of the visual numerals that have made it into Unicode as characters, appearing first as an image, so that you can see them even if you do not have all of the fonts needed to display them. Then I have provided them as text so that you can test which fonts you lack.

	[[File:UnicodeNumerals.png]]		[[File:UnicodeNumerals.png]]

Mokurai: /* Visual Numerals in Turtle Art */ Displaying Heqat Numerals as text

2011-07-25T06:14:57Z

Visual Numerals in Turtle Art: Displaying Heqat Numerals as text

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:14, 25 July 2011
Line 96:		Line 96:
	==Visual Numerals in Turtle Art==		==Visual Numerals in Turtle Art==

	It should be obvious that ~~having~~ a Turtle write ~~most of~~ these numerals ~~is fairly simple to do~~. We can ~~create TA stacks for each digit in one of~~ these ~~systems, and display whatever sort of arithmetic we want~~. ~~For example,~~		It should be obvious that we can have a Turtle write out arithmetic examples by drawing these numerals. Or we can tell the Turtle to display these characters directly as text.

	[[File:~~TAVisualArithmetic~~.png]]		[[File:TADisplayHeqat8.png]]

	We can also put these numerals on Turtle Art ~~tiles as text~~. In the following illustration, each Hieroglyphic heqat measure numeral is used as a variable name with ~~value~~ the number it represents.		We can also put these numerals on Turtle Art boxes. In the following illustration, each Hieroglyphic heqat measure numeral is used as a variable name with the number it represents assigned as its value. As a curiosity, the box with a blank name contains the value 0. It works fine in arithmetic.

	[[File:~~TAHieroglyphicNumeralTiles~~.png]]		[[File:TAHeqatVariables0+5.png]]

	[[File:~~TAVisualNumeralAddition~~]]		Another less trivial arithmetic example using variables with heqat numeral names.

			[[File:TAHeqatVariables3+5.png]]

	==Unicode character ranges for visual numerals==		==Unicode character ranges for visual numerals==

Mokurai: /* Mayan base 20 numerals */ Minor correction, move link

2011-07-25T05:36:30Z

Mayan base 20 numerals: Minor correction, move link

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:36, 25 July 2011
Line 80:		Line 80:
	==Mayan base 20 numerals==		==Mayan base 20 numerals==

	Mayan is also a candidate, notable because it is the only one of these visual numeral systems with a numeral for zero, but Mayan has not yet been added to Unicode. Mayan numerals go up to 20. This is often interpreted as counting on fingers and toes, with groupings of five for hands and feet, although we have no other evidence for how they began. The following is a schematic rendering of the Mayan numerals.		Mayan is also a candidate, notable because it is the only one of these visual numeral systems with a numeral for zero, but Mayan has not yet been added to Unicode. Mayan numerals go from 0 to 19. This is often interpreted as counting on fingers and toes, with groupings of five for hands and feet, although we have no other evidence for how they began. The following is a schematic rendering of the Mayan numerals.

	[[File:MayanNumerals.svg]]		[[File:MayanNumerals.svg]]
Line 92:		Line 92:
	[[File:TAMayanNumerals.png]]		[[File:TAMayanNumerals.png]]

	As usual, the ~~program details appear on~~ [[Activities/TurtleArt/Tutorials/Numerals/Mayan_Numerals_Program\|another page]].		As usual, the [[Activities/TurtleArt/Tutorials/Numerals/Mayan_Numerals_Program\|program details]] appear on another page.

	==Visual Numerals in Turtle Art==		==Visual Numerals in Turtle Art==

Mokurai: Rearrange

2011-07-25T05:31:58Z

Rearrange

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:31, 25 July 2011
Line 109:		Line 109:

	The original Unicode code space ran from U+0000 to U+FFFF, a space of 65,636 code points. Since then 16 more spaces of that size have been added, for a total of more than a million code points. Several writing systems for dead languages have been put into this extra space, and so have five-digit Unicode hex code point numbers.		The original Unicode code space ran from U+0000 to U+FFFF, a space of 65,636 code points. Since then 16 more spaces of that size have been added, for a total of more than a million code points. Several writing systems for dead languages have been put into this extra space, and so have five-digit Unicode hex code point numbers.

	~~The fonts listed here are available in Ubuntu Linux. Other distributions may vary. There may be other fonts for these ranges for Windows or Mac OS, either commercially or as freeware.~~

	* Aegean Numerals		* Aegean Numerals
Line 130:		Line 128:

	==Fonts for Visual Numerals==		==Fonts for Visual Numerals==

			The fonts listed here are available in Ubuntu Linux. Other distributions may vary. There may be other fonts for these ranges for Windows or Mac OS, either commercially or as freeware.

	* Aegean		* Aegean

Mokurai: /* Teaching the Turtle Visual Numerals */ Fix link, add link

2011-07-25T05:29:30Z

Teaching the Turtle Visual Numerals: Fix link, add link

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:29, 25 July 2011
Line 74:		Line 74:
	I leave the others as a programming challenge. You need to determine how to draw the elements, and how to specify the layout of elements in each numeral. For example, a program for the cuneiform wedge could go like this.		I leave the others as a programming challenge. You need to determine how to draw the elements, and how to specify the layout of elements in each numeral. For example, a program for the cuneiform wedge could go like this.

	[[File:~~TACuneiformWedge~~.png]]		[[File:TACuneiformWedgeGlyph.png]]

			The details of this program are on [[Activities/TurtleArt/Tutorials/Numerals/Cuneiform_Wedge_Glyph_Program\|another page]].

	==Mayan base 20 numerals==		==Mayan base 20 numerals==

Mokurai: /* Mayan base 20 numerals */ Teaching the Turtle

2011-07-24T07:07:55Z

Mayan base 20 numerals: Teaching the Turtle

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:07, 24 July 2011
Line 82:		Line 82:
	[[File:MayanNumerals.svg]]		[[File:MayanNumerals.svg]]

	The actual numerals carved in stone are sideways from these, and somewhat more elaborate.		The actual numerals carved in stone are sideways from these, and somewhat more elaborate.There are several variations on the shell glyph for 0, and for its surroundings.

	[[File:MayanNumeralGlyphs.png]]		[[File:MayanNumeralGlyphs.png]]

	We can teach the Turtle to write numbers in Mayan style in base 20. I am using an empty circle for 0 with these simplified forms rather than the actual Mayan shell glyph.		We can teach the Turtle to write numbers in Mayan style in base 20. I am using an empty circle for 0 with these simplified forms rather than the actual Mayan shell glyph. Feel free to program a shell glyph, if you like, and add it here.

	[[File:TAMayanNumerals.png]]		[[File:TAMayanNumerals.png]]

			As usual, the program details appear on [[Activities/TurtleArt/Tutorials/Numerals/Mayan_Numerals_Program\|another page]].

	==Visual Numerals in Turtle Art==		==Visual Numerals in Turtle Art==

Mokurai: /* Teaching the Turtle Visual Numerals */ Add link to full program page

2011-07-23T05:27:46Z

Teaching the Turtle Visual Numerals: Add link to full program page

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:27, 23 July 2011
Line 69:		Line 69:

	[[File:TACountingRodNumerals.png]]		[[File:TACountingRodNumerals.png]]

			The details of this program are on [[Activities/TurtleArt/Tutorials/Numerals/Counting_Rod_Numerals_Program\|another page]].

	I leave the others as a programming challenge. You need to determine how to draw the elements, and how to specify the layout of elements in each numeral. For example, a program for the cuneiform wedge could go like this.		I leave the others as a programming challenge. You need to determine how to draw the elements, and how to specify the layout of elements in each numeral. For example, a program for the cuneiform wedge could go like this.

Mokurai: /* Mayan base 20 numerals */ Add illustration

2011-07-21T05:56:17Z

Mayan base 20 numerals: Add illustration

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:56, 21 July 2011
Line 76:		Line 76:
	==Mayan base 20 numerals==		==Mayan base 20 numerals==

	Mayan is also a candidate, notable because it is the only one of these visual numeral systems with a numeral for zero, but Mayan has not yet been added to Unicode. Mayan numerals go up to 20. This is often interpreted as counting on fingers and toes, with groupings of five for hands and feet, although we have no other evidence for how they began.		Mayan is also a candidate, notable because it is the only one of these visual numeral systems with a numeral for zero, but Mayan has not yet been added to Unicode. Mayan numerals go up to 20. This is often interpreted as counting on fingers and toes, with groupings of five for hands and feet, although we have no other evidence for how they began. The following is a schematic rendering of the Mayan numerals.

	[[File:MayanNumerals.svg]]		[[File:MayanNumerals.svg]]

	We can teach the Turtle to write numbers in Mayan ~~glyphs~~ in base 20. ~~Only~~ the shell glyph ~~for 0 requires any real thought~~.		The actual numerals carved in stone are sideways from these, and somewhat more elaborate.

			[[File:MayanNumeralGlyphs.png]]

			We can teach the Turtle to write numbers in Mayan style in base 20. I am using an empty circle for 0 with these simplified forms rather than the actual Mayan shell glyph.

	[[File:TAMayanNumerals.png]]		[[File:TAMayanNumerals.png]]