VirtualBox/Preparing a disk image

2010-08-16T11:14:20Z

Carl Fischer: /* Installing VirtualBox Guest Additions */

<noinclude>{{TOCright}}</noinclude>

Instructions for preparing a VirtualBox disk image from a SoaS iso image file.
* (Taken from Dave Bauer's posting at http://schools.sugarlabs.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=27.)
* Updated 09 June 2010 with [http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads VirtualBox 3.2.4] and 32-bit Fedora.
==Installing SoaS .iso image==
# Create a new VM, choose a name, such as Mirabelle
# Choose Linux for the Operating System and Version Fedora (use 64 bit, if available)
# Choose Base Memory Size: 256 MB to match an XO-1, 512 or 1024 MB to match an XO-1.5
# Create a new virtual hard disk image with dynamically expanding storage of 2 GB
# Finish.
# Download the lastest SoaS, http://spins.fedoraproject.org/soas/#downloads, for Fedora 13.
# Mount the SoaS .iso image file as a CD-ROM in the newly created VM.
# Change the Network Attached to: Bridged Adapter (This allows for networking with the host computer.)
# Start the VM
# Enter an account name and startup Sugar.
# Open Terminal.
# su -
# parted
# mklabel msdos
#: This makes a partition table.
# mkpart primary ext2 0 2048
#: You will receive this message: Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance. Ignore/Cancel?
#: Enter (I)gnore
# toggle 1 boot
# quit
# mke2fs /dev/sda1
# /LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk --overlay-size-mb 200 --home-size-mb 200 --delete-home --unencrypted-home /dev/live /dev/sda1 (for earlier versions of SoaS
#: Blueberry - use /media/soas-2-blueberry/LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk Strawberry - use /mnt/live/LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk)
<ul>
{{Show|<Terminal log>
|<pre>
[root@localhost ~]# parted
GNU Parted 2.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel msdos
(parted) mkpart primary ext2 0 2048
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? I
(parted) toggle 1 boot
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs /dev/sda1
mke2fs 1.41.10 (10-Feb-2009)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
125184 inodes, 500000 blocks
25000 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=515899392
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7824 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@localhost ~]# /LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk --overlay-size-mb 200 --home-size-mb 200 --delete-home --unencrypted-home /dev/live /dev/sda1
Verifying image...
/dev/sr0: 0ce28e3947106fd37bab9317abf09938
Fragment sums: a3c6e5fd5fba11d2b4da71771e8732b63bcb62b841971f7f39ab5c187f64
Fragment count: 20
Checking: 100.0%

The media check is complete, the result is: PASS.

It is OK to use this media.
Copying live image to USB stick
Updating boot config file
Initializing persistent overlay file
0+0 records in
0+0 records out
0 bytes (0 B) copied, 0.000150187 s, 0.0 kB/s
Initializing persistent /home
0+0 records in
0+0 records out
0 bytes (0 B) copied, 0.0039562 s, 0.0 kB/s
Formatting unencrypted /home
mke2fs 1.41.10 (10-Feb-2009)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
51200 inodes, 204800 blocks
10240 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008
25 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
tune2fs 1.41.10 (10-Feb-2009)
Setting maximal mount count to -1
Setting interval between checks to 0 seconds
Installing boot loader
/media/usbdev.XB8shz/syslinux is device /dev/sda1
USB stick set up as live image!
</pre>}}
* the --overlay-size-mb NNN and --home-size-mb NNN options creates space for persistence of changes on the disk; otherwise, a liveOS disk is read-only. See [[LiveOS image]].
: The following optional parameters seem to be incompatible with soas-1-strawberry and soas-2-blueberry released versions. (The script completes successfully, but the virtual machine startup process has trouble finding the home directory and fails to complete.)
* the --home-size-mb NNN option creates space for file storage in the /home/liveuser folder. (In the case where you you want to update the LiveOS image while keeping the user files, skip the new disk creation and parted steps, leave out the --home-size-mb NNN option at this step, and continue on.)
* the --unencrypted-home option prevents password protection and encryption on the /home/liveuser folder. This releaves the overhead on the compressed [[wikipedia:SquashFS|SquashFS]], and should be more robust to file system failures (outside of security).
* the --delete-home option is used to avoid an error message while requesting both a new home (with --home-size-mb) and a persistent home (with --unencrypted-home). (You wouldn't use this option for the LiveOS upgrade case.)
</ul>
<ol start=20>
<li> shutdown -h now</li>
</ol>
==Installing VirtualBox Guest Additions==
# Unmount CD/DVD in VirtualBox settings, select 'Empty' for the CD/DVD device under 'Attributes'
# Start the virtual machine
# Open Terminal
# su -
# yum install dkms gcc
#: (Other dependencies will be called into the installation.)
'''Note:''' The installation fails as of 27 June 2010 testing with 32-bit Fedora-14 while updating to glibc-common-2.12.90-3.i686 error: unpacking of archive failed on file /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive.tmpl: cpio: rename Traceback (most recent call last):
<pre>
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/rpmtrans.py", line 387, in callback

File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/rpmtrans.py", line 457, in _instCloseFile

File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/rpmtrans.py", line 246, in _scriptout

File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/rpmtrans.py", line 367, in log_scriptlet_output

File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/rpmtrans.py", line 223, in _commit

sqlite3.OperationalError: disk I/O error
error: python callback <bound method RPMTransaction.callback of <yum.rpmtrans.RPMTransaction instance at 0xa088b8c>> failed, aborting!
</pre>
(With 512 MB of memory allocated, the update seemed to hang on the glibc update. Boosting the memory to 1024 revealed the above failure.)
* The installation fails as of 27 June 2010 testing with 32-bit Fedora-14 while updating to glibc-common-2.12.90-3.i686
*: Using {{Code|dmsetup status}} the overlay consumption measured (after rebooting from a hang with 512 MB of memory) moved from 23376/409600 to 406568/409600 sectors.
* Installed Fedora-14 soas-i386-20100613.15.iso with this command line,
*: {{Code|/LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk --overlay-size-mb 1000 --home-size-mb 200 --delete-home --unencrypted-home /dev/live /dev/sda1}}
*: {{Code|dmsetup status}} before and after
*: {{Code|yum install dkms gcc}}
*: yielded these results: 21376/2048000 and 868152/2048000 (512-byte segments)
*:: So it looks like at least 425 MiBytes of overlay is required for that installation.
*: After
*: {{Code|./VboxLinuxAdditions-x86.run}}
*: {{Code|dmsetup status}} showed 928872/204800 or 454 MiBytes of the overlay consumed.

{{Show|<Successful Terminal log from 21 May 2010 with Fedora 64 bit>
|<pre>
[root@localhost ~]# yum install dkms gcc
Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekit
fedora/metalink | 13 kB 00:00
fedora | 4.3 kB 00:00
fedora/primary_db | 13 MB 00:18
updates/metalink | 15 kB 00:00
updates | 4.5 kB 00:00
updates/primary_db | 867 kB 00:00
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dkms.noarch 0:2.1.0.1-1.fc12 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-devel for package: dkms-2.1.0.1-1.fc12.noarch
---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.4-2.fc13 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.4.4-2.fc13 for package: gcc-4.4.4-2.fc13.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: cloog-ppl >= 0.15 for package: gcc-4.4.4-2.fc13.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12 for package: gcc-4.4.4-2.fc13.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.fc12 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libppl.so.7()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.fc12.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libppl_c.so.2()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.fc12.x86_64
---> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.4-2.fc13 set to be updated
---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.12-1 for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.x86_64
---> Package kernel-devel.x86_64 0:2.6.33.4-95.fc13 set to be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.x86_64
---> Package ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-10.fc12 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.33.4-95.fc13 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=================================================================================================
Installing:
dkms noarch 2.1.0.1-1.fc12 fedora 95 k
gcc x86_64 4.4.4-2.fc13 fedora 10 M
Installing for dependencies:
cloog-ppl x86_64 0.15.7-1.fc12 fedora 82 k
cpp x86_64 4.4.4-2.fc13 fedora 3.7 M
glibc-devel x86_64 2.12-1 fedora 959 k
glibc-headers x86_64 2.12-1 fedora 588 k
kernel-devel x86_64 2.6.33.4-95.fc13 updates 6.3 M
kernel-headers x86_64 2.6.33.4-95.fc13 updates 761 k
ppl x86_64 0.10.2-10.fc12 fedora 1.1 M

Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================
Install 9 Package(s)
Upgrade 0 Package(s)

Total download size: 24 M
Installed size: 60 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Setting up and reading Presto delta metadata
fedora/prestodelta | 419 B 00:00
updates/prestodelta | 4.6 kB 00:00
Processing delta metadata
Package(s) data still to download: 24 M
(1/9): cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.fc12.x86_64.rpm | 82 kB 00:00
(2/9): cpp-4.4.4-2.fc13.x86_64.rpm | 3.7 MB 00:06
(3/9): dkms-2.1.0.1-1.fc12.noarch.rpm | 95 kB 00:00
(4/9): gcc-4.4.4-2.fc13.x86_64.rpm | 10 MB 00:17
(5/9): glibc-devel-2.12-1.x86_64.rpm | 959 kB 00:01
(6/9): glibc-headers-2.12-1.x86_64.rpm | 588 kB 00:00
(7/9): kernel-devel-2.6.33.4-95.fc13.x86_64.rpm | 6.3 MB 00:02
(8/9): kernel-headers-2.6.33.4-95.fc13.x86_64.rpm | 761 kB 00:00
(9/9): ppl-0.10.2-10.fc12.x86_64.rpm | 1.1 MB 00:02
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 718 kB/s | 24 MB 00:33
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : cpp-4.4.4-2.fc13.x86_64 1/9
Installing : ppl-0.10.2-10.fc12.x86_64 2/9
Installing : cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.fc12.x86_64 3/9
Installing : kernel-devel-2.6.33.4-95.fc13.x86_64 4/9
Installing : kernel-headers-2.6.33.4-95.fc13.x86_64 5/9
Installing : glibc-headers-2.12-1.x86_64 6/9
Installing : glibc-devel-2.12-1.x86_64 7/9
Installing : gcc-4.4.4-2.fc13.x86_64 8/9
Installing : dkms-2.1.0.1-1.fc12.noarch 9/9

Installed:
dkms.noarch 0:2.1.0.1-1.fc12 gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.4-2.fc13

Dependency Installed:
cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.fc12 cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.4-2.fc13
glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1
kernel-devel.x86_64 0:2.6.33.4-95.fc13 kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.33.4-95.fc13
ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-10.fc12

Complete!
</pre>}}

# cd /media/VBOXADDITIONS_3.2.0_61806/
# ./VBoxLinuxAdditions-amd64.run
#* (This fails currently. More testing and debugging needed.)
#* If upgrading from one VirtualBox version to another, start with fresh virtual disks and machines built with the new versions to avoid breakage.
# reboot
{{Show|<Terminal log:>
|<pre>
[root@localhost ~]# cd /media/VBOXADDITIONS_3.2.0_61806/
[root@localhost VBOXADDITIONS_3.2.0_61806]# ./VBoxLinuxAdditions-amd64.run
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing VirtualBox 3.2.0 Guest Additions for Linux........
VirtualBox Guest Additions installer
Building the VirtualBox Guest Additions kernel modules [FAILED]
(Your system does not seem to be set up to build kernel modules.
Look at /var/log/vboxadd-install.log to find out what went wrong)
Installing the Window System drivers
Installing X.Org Server 1.8 modules [ OK ]
Setting up the Window System to use the Guest Additions [ OK ]
You may need to restart the hal service and the Window System (or just restart
the guest system) to enable the Guest Additions.

Installing graphics libraries and desktop services componen[ OK ]
</pre>}}

* Note that you will need to have the same kernel version as you have kernel-headers and kernel-devel
* I recommend:
<pre>
# yum update kernel
# yum install kernel-headers kernel-devel dkms gcc
</pre>
* With the guest additions successfully installed, it should '''Not be necessary to configure the screen (below)'''

===Configure Screen===
# Edit /etc/X11/xorg.conf to match the following section:
#* 832x624 - matches default XO display proportions
#* 1200x900 - XO reflective resolution
<pre>
# VirtualBox generated configuration file
# based on /etc/X11/xorg.conf.

Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor[0]"
ModelName "VirtualBox Virtual Output"
VendorName "Sun Microsystems Inc"
EndSection

Section "Device"
BoardName "VirtualBox Graphics"
Driver "vboxvideo"
Identifier "Device[0]"
VendorName "Sun Microsystems Inc"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen[0]"
Device "Device[0]"
Monitor "Monitor[0]"
DefaultDepth 16
SubSection "Display"
Depth 16
Modes "832x624" "1200x900" "1024x768" "800x600"
EndSubSection
EndSection
</pre>

==Clear user data==
Finally,
# Open Terminal
# Terminal
# rm -rf ~/.sugar (if distributing image)
# su -
# shutdown -h now
# Now you can share the VDI file.

==Backup discs==
It would be wise to maintain a clone of your virtual disk image to restart if the working copy is damaged:
# From host command line (Windows cmd, or Linux terminal) See VirtualBox Help section 8.14.
#* VBoxManage clonehd <uuid>|<filename> <outputfile> [-format VDI|VMDK|VHD|RAW|<other>] [-remember]
# Reclone any virtual hard disks you would like to archive.

==SSH connections==
To enable SSH communications, we need to permit no passwords in the ssh daemon configuration:

# in Terminal,
# su -
# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
## [add] PermitEmptyPasswords yes
## :wq <Enter>
# service sshd restart

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VirtualBox/Preparing a disk image