Activity Team/Resources

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Getting started in Activity development

If you have no experience developing Sugar activities, these resources will help get you started.

Activity development tutorials

The official introduction to writing Sugar activities is the Flossmanuals book Make Your Own Sugar Activities! by James Simmons.

Setting up a Sugar environment

Please see Get Sugar for details on how to best get Sugar running.

If you decide to use a Virtual Machine (VM) or a secondary machine (such as an OLPC XO) for testing your activities, an editor with support for editing files over an SSH or SFTP connection can come in handy. Komodo Edit with the Remote Drive Tree extension, emacs with tramp and magit, and Eclipse with the SFTP Plugin are examples.

Python Reference & Tutorials

• Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist
• http://docs.python.org/
• http://diveintopython.org/
• PLEAC - Programming Language Examples Alike Cookbook
• http://code.google.com/edu/languages/google-python-class/
• Online Python Tutor - Online stepping & visualization of Python code
• 6.00SC Introduction to Computer Science and Programming
• http://www.babarehner.com/ewrench1011/Python/index.html

Python is the language Sugar is written in and is also used by most activities. If you don't already know Python well, you should familiarize yourself with it before continuing.

PyGTK Reference & Tutorials

• http://www.pygtk.org/docs/pygtk/index.html
• http://www.pygtk.org/docs/pygobject/index.html

PyGTK is the user interface toolkit used by Sugar activities. Bookmark these two links as you will reference them frequently during development.

• http://www.pygtk.org/pygtk2tutorial/index.html

The following sections of the PyGTK tutorial are most relevant to activity development.

1. Introduction

2. Getting Started

3. Moving On

4. Packing Widgets

5. Widget Overview

6. The Button Widget

7. Adjustments

8. Range Widgets

9. Miscellaneous Widgets

10. Container Widgets

12. Drawing Area

Also see:

• http://www.majorsilence.com/PyGTK_Book

Sugar Activities

• Sugar Almanac

The Sugar Almanac contains all the information you need to start writing Sugar activities, ranging from directory structure to bundle format to API reference. It also contains answers to common questions and examples of common tasks.

• https://developer.sugarlabs.org/sugar3

This automatically updated site contains the official API documentation for Sugar. Though it is currently quite sparse, the source code is included with the documentation and it's useful to have that at your fingertips.

• Low-Level Activity API

Activities can be written in any programming language, as long as it can connect to D-Bus and provide an X11 interface. This documents Sugar's low-level API, in particular for use by activities written in languages other than Python.

Cairo Graphics

• http://www.tortall.net/mu/wiki/CairoTutorial

Cairo is the graphics library used in Sugar. The tutorial is a good introduction to the API as well as vector graphics programming in general.

Pygame

• http://www.pygame.org/
• Development_Team/sugargame

Pygame is a library for developing 2D sprite-based games using Python. Sugargame is a package which makes it possible to embed Pygame into a Sugar activity.

Sugar Human Interface Guidelines (HIG)

• Human Interface Guidelines.

Required reading before planning the user interface for your activity. These pages give a good introduction to the thought process behind the Sugar environment and will help a lot when designing your activity.

i18n (Localisation) Best Practices

• Translation_Team/i18n_Best_Practices.

Once you have strings in your Activity, here are some general tips which will make your translators happy :-)

JSON introduction

• http://www.json.org/fatfree.html

JSON is a data format commonly used to store activity data in the Journal.

• http://simplejson.googlecode.com/svn/tags/simplejson-2.0.8/docs/index.html

Currently, the recommended JSON library is simplejson. It has also become the standard JSON library in Python 2.6+.

NOTE: There is an odd thing about simplejson - in python25 it lives in simplejson module, but in python26 it uses json module. So, use something like this to wrap it.

Git introduction

Git is the version control software used by Sugar Labs. It is a distributed version control system and is quite powerful, but may require a lot of command line use.

• Git
• GitHub

XML routines

There are dozens Python classes to satisfy the XML standard, but if you want just save/load parameters use "Zen of XML" in Python - ElementTree library. It's supported out of the box in Python 2.5 (xml.etree.ElementTree module). In previous versions you'll have to install library by yourself.

But if you just need a simple configuration format to read/write Python objects, check out JSON instead.

Speech synthesizing

If you want to add a speech synthesizer for English and other languages, use the sugar3.speech module, or try the gst-plugins-espeak plugin for gstreamer.

Activity Development Resources

This is an open area for posting links related to activity development.

Hosting

https://github.com/sugarlabs may host your Sugar related code.

Sample code

• Hello World activity.
• An example of a simple activity that uses Cairo graphics
• An OpenOffice presentation that touches on many of the issues encountered by first-time Sugar developers. Some items covered are: What is Sugar and Sugar Labs; What are some development environments; Some Sugar specific python statements for a PyGTK activity; Activity distribution. You can also listen to the creator (ossfm) give the presentation at a LUG meeting (starting at 9 minutes and 55 seconds).

Profiling in Python

       import os
       import cProfile
       import lsprofcalltree

       profiler = cProfile.Profile()
       profiler.enable()

       # code to profile goes here

       profiler.disable()
       profiler.dump_stats('/tmp/profile')

Use kcachegrind to view the results.

References

• http://docs.python.org/ The official Python documentation.
• http://www.pygtk.org/docs/pygtk/index.html PyGTK API reference
• http://www.pygtk.org/docs/pygobject/index.html PyGObject API reference. Contains a few important things missing from the PyGTK API such as timers and idle callbacks.
• http://api.sugarlabs.org/ The official Sugar API documentation (quite sparse but includes all the source code).
• Development Team/Almanac Detailed Sugar API overview. Quite in depth and offers answers to common questions.
• http://pygstdocs.berlios.de/ Python GStreamer bindings.
• Human Interface Guidelines The design behind the Sugar interface. Very important to read and understand before planning your activity's user interface.
• http://cairographics.org/documentation/pycairo/ Cairo Python API reference. Very sparse, use the tutorial instead.
• Development Team/Low-level Activity API Information on how activities interact with Sugar independent of programming language.
• http://www.pygame.org/ The Pygame game development library.
• Development Team/sugargame Python package which makes it possible to embed Pygame in a Sugar activity.

Tutorials and Whitepapers

• http://diveintopython.org/ An online book which teaches Python step by step.
• http://www.pygtk.org/pygtk2tutorial/index.html A very informative step-by-step introduction to PyGTK.
• http://www.olpcaustria.org/mediawiki/index.php/Activity_handbook Introduction to activity development by OLPC Austria.
• OLPC:Sugar Activity Tutorial Another introduction to activity development.
• http://www.tortall.net/mu/wiki/CairoTutorial A great introduction to Cairo in PyGTK and vector graphics drawing in general.
• http://www.json.org/fatfree.html An overview of the JSON data format.
• http://simplejson.googlecode.com/svn/tags/simplejson-2.0.8/docs/index.html Documentation for the recommended JSON library.
• OLPC:Shared Sugar Activities High level overview of collaboration.
• OLPC:Collaboration Tutorial Step by step tutorial on integrating collaboration into an activity.
• Activity_Team/Modifing_an_Activity Information describing simple modifications that can be made to common Sugar activities.
• Activity Team/Compatibility Tips Information on ensuring your activity is portable to the various distributions that run Sugar.

Old tutorials

• Porting a PyGTK game to Sugar, Part 1 and Part 2, Red Hat Magazine.
• Beyond Hello World, wiki.laptop.org

Community resources

• http://bugs.sugarlabs.org/ Bug tracking for Sugar and activities. Go here to report bugs in the Sugar toolkit. Each activity should have its own component here.
• http://git.sugarlabs.org/ Gitorious source code hosting.
• http://git.sugarlabs.org/events.atom RSS feed of all Sugar development activity. Great for keeping an eye on the project as a whole.

Non-English resources

• http://sites.google.com/site/sugaractivities/ Spanish language activity development site in Uruguay.

Stuck?

If you have a question, don't hesitate to ask the activity team. We are happy to help and can often save you a lot of hunting for answers.

We hang out in #sugar on irc.freenode.net, and you can always subscribe and post questions to sugar-devel@lists.sugarlabs.org.