Activities/Turtle Art

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HowTo [ID# 48955]

Where to get Turtle Art

There is a new experimental version of Turtle Art available: File:TurtleArt-83.xo.

Turtle Art is a fructose module, so it is included as part of the standard Sugar (sucrose) distribution.

Version 82 | addons | Source | FLOSS Manual | laptop.org Turtle Art page | Student Guide | activity guides (es) mas TortugaArte | Experimental fork | Turtle Art Gallery | 0.86 release notes | Introductory video | Sugar Labs tickets | OLPC tickets | Another Turtle Art gallery

i18n

Turtle Art currently has support for: de, el, en, es, fi, fr, it, mn, nl, pt, ru, sl, sv, ta, tr, vi, and zh_TW

(See our Pootle server for details about how to translate Turtle Art into your language.)

Background

Turtle Art is an activity with a Logo-inspired graphical "turtle" that draws colorful art based on Scratch-like snap-together visual programming elements.

Turtle Art is intended to be a stepping stone to the Logo programming language, but there are many restrictions compared to Logo. (Only numeric global variables and stack items are available, no lists or other data-structures. The conditionals and some of the functions only take constants or variables, not expressions. Limited screen real-estate makes building large programs unfeasible.) However, you can export your Turtle Art creations to Berkeley Logo.

Turtle Art was written by Brian Silverman and is maintained by Walter Bender. Arjun Sarwal added the sensor features. Luis Michelena contributed to the "named" action and box blocks. Tony Forster has been the lead test engineer and has really stretched the boundaries of Turtle Art. Raúl Gutiérrez Segalés has been a major contributor to the refactoring of the Turtle Art code base starting with Version 0.83.

Branches

The experimental version of Turtle Art also has a (limited) facility for sensor input, so, for example, you can move the Turtle based upon sound volume or pitch.

A portfolio feature lets you use Turtle Art to create multimedia slide shows from material retrieved from your Journal. The basic idea is to import images (and eventually movies, audio, and text files) into slide templates, not unlike Powerpoint, and then show a presentation by stepping through them. The portfolio includes the typical major functions of presentation software: an editor that allows text to be inserted and formatted (this is largely incomplete), a method for inserting images (from the Journal), and a slide-show system to display the content. What makes it a bit different than tools such as Powerpoint is that you can program your slides using Turtle Art blocks. Turtle Art also has an export-to-HTML function so that presentations can be viewed outside of the Sugar environment. (These features have been merged into the main branch of Turtle Art.)

Turtle Art with Arduino support is an extension of Turtle Art that supports data capture from the Arduino board. This branch is maintained by Sayamindu Dasgupta and Ortiz.

Learning with Turtle Art

Play with Turtle Art to draw colorful art patterns using a turtle that accepts instructions for movement.

With visual programming blocks, you can snap together programs by compiling (combining) them in ways to create anything you can imagine.

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maths

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  A clock activity

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  Calculating the hypotenuse and approximating the angle of a right triangle

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  Stepping through the program is a nice way to visualize the process of approximation

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  The final result of the approximation.

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  And on-the-fly function definitions

Tony Forster describes his "adventures" with on-the-fly definitions to create an analog clock in his blog.

Try any of the time or math library functions, e.g.,

localtime().tm_min 

sin(x) + sin(pi/2)

presentations

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games

Turtle Art can be used to write games, such as a simple falling block game:

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Getting Started

Start by clicking on (or dragging) blocks from the Turtle palette. Use multiple blocks to create drawings; as the turtle moves under your control, colorful lines are drawn.

You add blocks to your program by clicking on or dragging them from the palette to the main area. You can delete a block by dragging it back onto the palette. Click anywhere on a "stack" of blocks to start executing that stack or by clicking in the Rabbit (fast) or Turtle (slow) buttons on the Project Toolbar.

Video Tutorials

I know there are a few but they are not categorized on this page... we'll make that happen soon. Help would be appreciated.

• introductory videos here on Turtle Art
• To Square—a tutorial by the Summer Spot youths at the Lilla G. Frederick Pilot Middle School
• A basic tutorial.
• a video of the portfolio basics
• Get your hot cold Turtle Art Video here!
• Name that State!
• A Shapes and Colors Game

Main Toolbar

From left to right: Activity toolbar; Edit toolbar; View toolbar; show/hide palette; erase canvas; run project fast; run project slow; stop project; Help toolbar; stop activity

Keyboard short cuts for the above: Alt+ palette; blocks; run; walk; stop; erase; e.g., Alt+e will erase the screen. Esc will return from full-screen mode.

Notes: The run buttons are tied to the Start Block. If no Start Block is used, then all blocks are run when either run button is clicked. The "rabbit" button runs the blocks at maximum speed. The "turtle" button pauses and displays the turtle between each step. The "bug" button pauses between each step and shows status information.

Project Toolbar

From left to right:

• Project title;
• Share button;
• Keep button;
• Save copy to Journal button; save to HTML;
• Save to Logo;
• Save as an image;
• Import Python code;
• Import Turtle Art project

Edit Toolbar

The Edit toolbar is used to copy stacks of blocks to the clipboard and to paste stacks from the clipboard. To copy a stack, place the cursor on any block in the stack and then type Ctrl-c. To paste a stack from the clipboard, type Ctrl-v.

From left to right:

• Copy
• Paste

View Toolbar

From left to right:

• Full-screen button;
• Cartesian-coordinate grid;
• polar-coordinate grid;
• display of x,y coordinates of turtle;
• Rescale-coordinates button;
• Grow block size;
• Shrink block size

Help Toolbar

From left to right:

• Import sample project;
• display help strings

Palettes Toolbar

There are eight palettes of program elements available for program construction: Turtle movements; Pen attributes; Color attributes; Numeric operators; Misc. functions; Logical operators; Logical blocks; and Presentation blocks

Blocks are dragged from the palette onto the canvas surface. To dispose of a block, drag it back onto the palette. (It will be placed onto the trash palette.)

The palettes can be displayed horizontally or vertically (See below). Orientation is adjusted by clicking on the and buttons on the upper-left corner of the palette. The palette can be hidden by clicking on the button on the lower-right corner of the palette. The next palette in the menu can be accessed by clicking on the button on the upper-right corner of the palette.

The button is used to hide/reveal the palette of blocks. The button is used to hide/reveal the program blocks.

These blocks are used to control the movements of the turtle.

• clean: clear the screen and position the turtle in the center of the screen, pen down, color red, heading 0
• forward: move turtle forward
• back: move turtle backward
• show: draw text or display media object from the Journal
• left: rotate turtle counterclockwise
• right: rotate turtle clockwise
• seth: set turtle heading
• set xy: set turtle x,y position (0,0) is the center of the screen
• heading: holds current heading value of the turtle (can be used in place of a number block)
• xcor: holds current x-coordinate value of the turtle (can be used in place of a number block)
• ycor: holds current y-coordinate value of the turtle (can be used in place of a number block)
• set scale: sets the scale of images displayed with show block
• arc: move turtle along an arc
• left: holds current x-coordinate value of the left edge of the screen (can be used in place of a number block)
• top: holds current y-coordinate value of the top edge of the screen (can be used in place of a number block)
• right: holds current x-coordinate value of the right edge of the screen (can be used in place of a number block)
• bottom: holds current y-coordinate value of the bottom edge of the screen (can be used in place of a number block)

These blocks are used to control the attributes of the turtle's pen.

• pen up: turtle will not draw when moved
• pen down: turtle will draw when moved
• set pen size: sets the width of the line drawn by the turtle
• fill screen: fill the screen with a color/shade and reposition the turtle in the center of the screen
• pen size: width of the line drawn by the turtle (can be used in place of a number block)
• set text size: scales the text drawn by the show block (found on the Turtle palette)
• set color: sets the pen color
• set shade: sets the pen shade
• text size: current text size (can be used in place of a number block)
• color: current pen color (can be used in place of a number block)
• share: current pen shade (can be used in place of a number block)

These blocks can be used with the set-pen-color block in place of a number block

These blocks are arithmetic and boolean operators.

• addition: adds two numeric inputs (also can be used to concatenate strings)
• subtraction: subtracts the bottom numeric input from the top imput
• multiplication: multiplies two numeric inputs
• division: divided top input (numerator) by bottom input (denominator)
• identity: identity function (used for spacing blocks)
• modulo (remainder): calculates remainder when dividing top input by the bottom input
• square root
• random number: generates a random integer between the minimum and maximum values
• number block: a numeric input
• greater than: boolean greater than operator (used with flow blocks)
• less than: boolean less than operator (used with flow blocks)
• equal to: boolean equal to operator (used with flow blocks)
• not: boolean not
• and: boolean and
• or: boolean or

These blocks control program flow.

• wait: pause program execution (unit is seconds)
• forever: continuously repeat execute stack under the right flow
• repeat: repeat the execution of stack under the right flow a specified number of times
• if/then: conditional execution of the stack under the right flow (uses boolean operators found on the Number palette)
• if/then/else: conditional execution of the stack under the center and right flows (uses boolean operators found on the Number palette)
• while: execute stack under right flow while the condition is true (uses boolean operators found on the Number palette)
• until: execute stack under right flow until the condition is true (uses boolean operators found on the Number palette)
• horizontal spacer
• vertical spacer
• stop stack: interrupt execution

These blocks are for defining variables and subroutines.

• action 1: top of action 1 stack
• action 1: execute action 1 stack
• action 2: top of action 2 stack
• action 2: execute action 2 stack
• action: top of named action stack
• action: execute named action stack
• store in box 1: store a number, string, or media object in box 1
• store in box 2: store a number, string, or media object in box 2
• text: string input
• box 1: current value of box 1 (can be used in place of a number block)
• box 2: current value of box 2 (can be used in place of a number block)
• box: current value of named box (can be used in place of a number block)
• store in: store a number, string, or media object in a named box
• start: connects action to toolbar 'Run' button

These are a collection of extra blocks for accessing advanced features.

• query keyboard: check for keyboard input (results are stored in the keyboard block)
• push: push value onto FILO (first-in last-out) heap
• show heap: show FILO in status block
• keyboard: current value of keyboard input (can be used in place of a number block)
• pop: pop value off of the FILO (can be used in place of a number block)
• empty heap: empty the FILO
• Python: a programmable block (can be used in place of a number block)

add your own math equation in the block, e.g., sin(x); This block is expandable to support up to three variables, e.g. f(x,y,z)

• Import Python: import Python code from the Sugar Journal (a more general-purpose programmable block)
• turtle: specific which turtle is active
• comment: program comment
• print: print value in status block
• Cartesian: display Cartesian coordinate grid overlay
• width: screen width (can be used in place of a number block)
• height: screen height (can be used in place of a number block)
• polar: display polar coordinate grid overlay
• top of stack: block to denote the top of a collapsible stack
• bottom of stack: block to denote the bottom of a collapsible stack

To use the collapsible-stack blocks, place them around the blocks you want to hide

These blocks are used to make multimedia presentations.

This palette holds any blocks that have been put in the trash. You can drag blocks out of the trash to restore them. The trash palette is emptied when you quit Turtle Art.

An example of a vertical palette.

tips

Did you know that you can copy/paste stacks to/from the clipboard? You type Ctrl-C to copy whatever stack is under the cursor to the clipboard. Ctrl-V will paste from the clipboard onto whatever TA project you have open. Try pasting this code into your Turtle Art project.

[[0, "hat2", 880, 80, [null, 1]], [1, "forever", 892, 130, [0, 2, null]], [2, "kbinput", 973, 144, [1, 3]], [3, "if", 973, 198, [2, 4, 7, 8]], [4, "greater", 1053, 208, [3, 5, 6, null]], [5, "keyboard", 1085, 217, [4, null]], [6, ["number", "0"], 1234, 217, [4, null]], [7, "stopstack", 1068, 272, [3, null]], [8, "wait", 973, 313, [3, 9, null]], [9, ["number", "0.5"], 1047, 322, [8, null]]]

You can also paste text from the clipboard into text blocks.

Turtle Art runs in Sugar and in the GNOME desktop.

New features

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  Cartesian and polar coordinate grids

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  Collapsible stack

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  Collapsed stack

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  Python function with one, two, or three variables

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  Expandable bullet list (two bullets)

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  Expandable bullet list (four bullets)

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  Enlarged blocks

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  Shrunken blocks

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  100 Turtles

Portfolios

In the era of high-stakes testing, we have the means to measure “which child knows more”; these data tell us about relative merit of the school in which a child is enrolled. The Turtle Art portfolio feature is an assessment tool that shows “what a child knows”; children become the curators of their own work. They advance their own learning and help their teachers, parents, and school administrators understand better the depth and breadth of what they have learned.

A recent article in the Chronicle of Higher Education claims:

1. ePortfolios can integrate student learning in an expanded range of media, literacies, and viable intellectual work;
2. ePortfolios enable students to link together diverse parts of their learning including the formal and informal curriculum;
3. ePortfolios engage students with their learning;
4. ePortfolios offer colleges a meaningful mechanism for accessing and organizing the evidence of student learning.

Turtle Art portfolios engage children in the process of reflecting on their work—what they have done, how they have done it, and how success these efforts have been—as they create a multimedia narrative to show their teachers, parents and peers what they have learned. Turtle Art Portfolio builds upon the journaling functionality of the Sugar learning platform, where every action or activity a child takes in the classroom is automatically recorded in a folder: (1) by enabling the child to select important learning achievements, be they in reading, writing, arithmetic, arts, music, physical education, history and social science, etc. Children answer questions such as “I chose this piece because...” (2) creating a multimedia narrative presentation from their selections (including audio voice-overs and video), reflective of the multiple ways in which children learn; and (3) sharing their presentation with classmates, both to celebrate what they have learned, but also to engage in a critical dialog about their work.

Turtle Art portfolio is innovative in three ways: (1) it builds upon a journal of *all* learning activities that is automatically collected; (2) it has unique programmability, fun and accessible to even the youngest elementary school children, but interesting and engaging to middle-school children as well; and (3) it has unique tools for both collaborating on the construction of the portfolio and its subsequent sharing with others.

Portfolios have been shown to be “a powerful means for children to assess their own work, set goals, and take responsibility for their future learning.” But portfolio assessment has seen limited applicability. It is a practical, engaging means to using portfolios. By building upon the automatic accumulation of work in journal (including a “screen capture” of their work) the portfolio process can readily be integrated into the classroom routine. Reflection becomes the norm: children are encouraged write in their journals (young children record audio notes) for a few minutes after *every* class. The numbing question, “what did you do in school today?” need no longer a necessary part of the parent-child dialog. Instead, the parent can talk to the child about actual artifacts.

Culling from the journal becomes part of the end-of-term assessment process. The process of telling one's story as a learning requires further reflection. At a “portfolio social”, parents are invited to view presentations and ask children about their learning; the child's voice is heard.

The classroom teacher can add addition assessment slides to the portfolio about themes such as work habits and personal growth, as part of an archive that travels with a child across grade levels. Through juxtaposition, the child and teacher can see what has changed over the course of the years, trends, and areas for improvement, Also, a classroom portfolio can be assembled as part of a teacher-assessment process.

Some additional background on ePortfolios can be found here:

• Inter/National Coalition for ePortfolio Research
• ePortfolio Action & Communication – ePAC
• Helen Barrett’s ePortfolio site
• Handbook of Research on ePortfolios
• EuroPortfolio
• Making Connections National Resource Center

Quick Tutorial on using the portfolio features

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  Start by selecting a slide template from the palette. The templates will automatically expand into a stack.

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  Click on the Journal icon to initiate a search for slide content.

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  Select a journal object, such as an image, audio file, movie, or activity. A thumbnail will appear in the template.

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  The description field for the Journal object will automatically be loaded.

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  Once loaded, the slide stack can be labeled and collapsed.

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  Click on the slide template to view the slide. (Click on the Hide Blocks button on the View toolbar to hide any blocks that are covering your slide.)

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  Try using some of the other templates.

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  View them by clicking on them (you may want to use the Eraser button first).

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  You can program a simple slide show by making a stack: fullscreen; hide blocks; clear the screen; show Slide 1; wait; clear the screen; show Slide 2; wait; show blocks.

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  You can also program stacks for your slide decorations and slide transitions.

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  In this example, we draw a rule under the title of each slide.

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  Run your slide show by clicking on the Run Button on the Main toolbar.

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  In this example, we use keyboard input to transition between slides.

A video of the portfolio basics is available here.

A PDF of a Turtle Art portfolio presentation can be downloaded File:Desktop-Summit.pdf.

Sharing

Turtle Art supports a simple sharing model. Whomever joins a shared activity will get a copy of the current state of the project from the initiator of the share. Subsequent changes to the project are shared between all participants. It is not recommended to share among more than 2–3 people at a time. Please note that if different versions of Turtle Art are used in the same share instance, there may be problems, as old versions won't know how to handle new bricks introduced in later versions.

Exporting to Berkeley Logo

Turtle Art can export its projects to Berkeley Logo (using the Save as Logo button on the Project Toolbar)

a Turtle Art project

the UCB Logo version

Note: The project is saved to the Journal as "logosession.lg". UCB Logo does not yet access the Journal directly, so it is necessary to copy the project out of the Journal using the "copy-from-journal" command in the Terminal Activity and then accessing the project using the File menu within the UCB Logo Activity.

copy-from-journal logosession.lg

Internals

Some procedures for setting up the palette and the shade functionality:

to tasetpalette :i :r :g :b :myshade
make "s ((:myshade - 50) / 50)
ifelse lessp :s 0 [
make "s (1 + (:s *0.8))
make "r (:r * :s) 
make "g (:g * :s) 
make "b (:b * :s)
] [
make "s (:s * 0.9)
make "r (:r + ((100-:r) * :s)) 
make "g (:g + ((100-:g) * :s)) 
make "b (:b + ((100-:b) * :s))
]
setpalette :i (list :r :g :b)
end

to rgb :myi :mycolors :myshade
make "myr first :mycolors
make "mycolors butfirst :mycolors
make "myg first :mycolors
make "mycolors butfirst :mycolors
make "myb first :mycolors
make "mycolors butfirst :mycolors
tasetpalette :myi :myr :myg :myb :myshade
output :mycolors
end

to processcolor :mycolors :myshade
if emptyp :mycolors [stop]
make "i :i + 1
processcolor (rgb :i :mycolors :myshade) :myshade
end

to tasetshade :shade
make "myshade modulo :shade 200
if greaterp :myshade 99 [make "myshade (199-:myshade)]
make "i 7
make "mycolors :colors 
processcolor :mycolors :myshade
end

to tasetpencolor :c
make "color modulo round :c 100
setpencolor :color + 8
end

make "colors [
100 0 0 100 5 0 100 10 0 100 15 0 100 20 0 100 25 0 100 30 0 100 35 0 100 40 0 100 45 0 
100 50 0 100 55 0 100 60 0 100 65 0 100 70 0 100 75 0 100 80 0 100 85 0 100 90 0 100 95 0 
100 100 0 90 100 0 80 100 0 70 100 0 60 100 0 50 100 0 40 100 0 30 100 0 20 100 0 10 100 0 
0 100 0 0 100 5 0 100 10 0 100 15 0 100 20 0 100 25 0 100 30 0 100 35 0 100 40 0 100 45 
0 100 50 0 100 55 0 100 60 0 100 65 0 100 70 0 100 75 0 100 80 0 100 85 0 100 90 0 100 95 
0 100 100 0 95 100 0 90 100 0 85 100 0 80 100 0 75 100 0 70 100 0 65 100 0 60 100 0 55 100 
0 50 100 0 45 100 0 40 100 0 35 100 0 30 100 0 25 100 0 20 100 0 15 100 0 10 100 0 5 100 
0 0 100 5 0 100 10 0 100 15 0 100 20 0 100 25 0 100 30 0 100 35 0 100 40 0 100 45 0 100 
50 0 100 55 0 100 60 0 100 65 0 100 70 0 100 75 0 100 80 0 100 85 0 100 90 0 100 95 0 100 
100 0 100 100 0 90 100 0 80 100 0 70 100 0 60 100 0 50 100 0 40 100 0 30 100 0 20 100 0 10]
make "shade 50
tasetshade :shade

to tasetbackground :color :shade
tasetshade :shade
setbackground :color + 8
end

The project:

to ta
clearscreen tasetbackground 21 100 setpensize 25.0 make "box1 0.0 
repeat 300.0 [ tasetpencolor xcor / 6.0 tasetshade heading forward :box1 right 91.0 make "box1 :box1 + 1.0 ] 
end

ta

Looking under the hood

Turtle Art projects are stored as two files: (1) a .ta file contains a json-encoded serialization of the project; and (2) a .png file of the canvas.

The json encoding of a repeat 4 forward 100 right 90 project:

[[0,"repeat",331,158,[null,1,2,null]],[1,["number","4"],417,167,[0,null]],[2,"forward",426,207,[0,3,4]],[3,["number","100"],500,216,[2,null]],[4,"right",426,246,[2,5,null]],[5,["number","90"],500,255,[4,null]],[-1,"turtle",0,0,0,0,50,5]]

Programmable Brick

The following feature is only available in versions 44+ of Turtle Art.

myblock.py

And a block that can be programmed by the Pippy interface:

A copy of the tamyblock.py module is stored in the Journal when you first launch Turtle Art. You can edit the module in Pippy and then import your custom code into Turtle Art using the Pippy button.

To use the customized block, select the "view source" block from the Sensors palette.

Examples:

def myblock(lc,x):
   # draw a dotted line of length x
   # make sure x is a number
   if type(x) != int and type(x) != float:
       return
   dist = 0
   # save current turtle pen state
   pen = lc.tw.turtle.pendown
   # repeat drawing dots
   while dist+lc.tw.turtle.pensize < x:
       setpen(lc.tw.turtle, True)
       forward(lc.tw.turtle, 1)
       setpen(lc.tw.turtle, False)
       forward(lc.tw.turtle, (lc.tw.turtle.pensize*2)-1)
       dist += (lc.tw.turtle.pensize*2)
   # make sure we have moved exactly x
   forward(lc.tw.turtle, x-dist)
   # restore pen state
   setpen(lc.tw.turtle, pen)
return

def myblock(lc,x):
   # push an uppercase version of a string onto the heap
   if type(x) != str:
       X = str(x).upper()
   else:
       X = x.upper()
   # push result onto heap (use the pop block to use the new string)
   lc.heap.append(X)
return

def myblock(lc,x):
   # push hours, minutes, seconds onto the heap
   # use three pop blocks to retrieve the values
   # remember: the heap is a FILO (first in, last out)
   # the first value you will pop will be seconds
   lc.heap.append(localtime().tm_hour)
   lc.heap.append(localtime().tm_min)
   lc.heap.append(localtime().tm_sec)
return

def myblock(lc,x):
   # add a third dimension (gray) to the color model
   # calculate the value (brightness) of the current color
   val = 0.3 * lc.tw.rgb[0] + 0.6 * lc.tw.rgb[1] + 0.1 * lc.tw.rgb[2]
   # make sure gray is in range from 0 to 100
   if x != 100:
       x = int(x)%100
   # mix in gray
   r = int((val*(100-x) + lc.tw.rgb[0]*x)/100)
   g = int((val*(100-x) + lc.tw.rgb[1]*x)/100)
   b = int((val*(100-x) + lc.tw.rgb[2]*x)/100)
   # reallocate current color
   lc.tw.fgcolor = lc.tw.cm.alloc_color(r<<8,g<<8,b<<8)
return

def myblock(lc,x)
   # save a screenshot in the journal
   lc.tw.activity._do_saveimage_cb(lc.tw.activity)
return

From the field

Tony Forster has written a number of blog posts about his experiments with Turtle Art: Using Python blocks in TurtleArt Turtle Lander Reprogramming Sugar Turtle random Turtle random V2 Turtle Lissajous Turtle spring damper color and shade Turtle Art shapes Bouncing Turtle Turtle Pythagoras Turtle graph Turtle Pi Turtle fractions Turtle interactive multimedia

An bringing it all together, the Turtle Art Oscilloscope.

Tony has also used the programmable block to do file IO.

Just for fun

(video)

(video)

Using Turtle Art for pie charts

Q: How do I cast keyboard input to a string? Looking at the source your are using ord() to fetch the input... is there a way to convert that back to string before showing it? ANS: Use chr(). See the example in the illustration.