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As previously mentioned, the presence of others on the mesh defines much of the laptop experience.  In order to surface this at all times in the interface, the right-hand edge of the Frame provides an easily accessible list of all the individuals a child is collaborating with in the currently active activity, represented by their colored [[DesignTeam/Human Interface Guidelines/The Sugar Interface/Icons#The XO|XOs]].  This has a number of benefits.  First, it provides a quick reference of the people the child is working with, which updates as new people join and others leave.  As new people arrive, they appear in the upper right corner, and as they leave they simply vacate their current location.  Additionally, the secondary rollovers for these XO objects reveal biographical information about them: name, age, class, interests, and even a small photo.  This makes the frame a great resource for meeting new friends, for what better place to meet them than in the activity shared with them?

As previously mentioned, the presence of others on the mesh defines much of the laptop experience.  In order to surface this at all times in the interface, the right-hand edge of the Frame provides an easily accessible list of all the individuals a child is collaborating with in the currently active activity, represented by their colored [[Design Team/Human Interface Guidelines/The Sugar Interface/Icons#The XO|XOs]].  This has a number of benefits.  First, it provides a quick reference of the people the child is working with, which updates as new people join and others leave.  As new people arrive, they appear in the upper right corner, and as they leave they simply vacate their current location.  Additionally, the secondary rollovers for these XO objects reveal biographical information about them: name, age, class, interests, and even a small photo.  This makes the frame a great resource for meeting new friends, for what better place to meet them than in the activity shared with them?

=====Places=====

=====Places=====

On the other side of the Places edge resides the Bulletin-Board button.  Again, this button has an analogous key on right-hand side of the keyboard's function keys.  Discussed later, this button acts as a toggle for an auxiliary layer which can provide contextual chat and a place to share objects.  This button functions within the Places bar because it acts as a modifier to any view.  In a sense, it adds an additional layer of context to any other "place" on the laptop.

On the other side of the Places edge resides the Bulletin-Board button.  Again, this button has an analogous key on right-hand side of the keyboard's function keys.  Discussed later, this button acts as a toggle for an auxiliary layer which can provide contextual chat and a place to share objects.  This button functions within the Places bar because it acts as a modifier to any view.  In a sense, it adds an additional layer of context to any other "place" on the laptop.

Finally, though not less importantly, this section of the Frame contains the [[DesignTeam/Human Interface Guidelines/The Laptop Experience/Global Search|global search field]].

Finally, though not less importantly, this section of the Frame contains the [[Design Team/Human Interface Guidelines/The Laptop Experience/Global Search|global search field]].

=====Objects=====

=====Objects=====

The clipboard has become a staple in any modern operating system.  Nonetheless, its implementations have changed little, if at all, in decades. The clipboard has one "page", to which you can copy  to, cut  to, and paste from, and in most cases this hypothetical page remains invisible: to see what's on it, you've got to paste its contents.  While this isn't strictly true (On Mac OSX, for instance, an item at the bottom of the 'Edit' menu allows you to 'View Clipboard Contents'), most users are oblivious about viewing its contents, as one must explicitly seek it out.  This basic model, while simple, often falls short of many use cases.  Thus, OLPC has extended the traditional clipboard, empowering the user with added functionality without increasing complexity.

The clipboard has become a staple in any modern operating system.  Nonetheless, its implementations have changed little, if at all, in decades. The clipboard has one "page", to which you can copy  to, cut  to, and paste from, and in most cases this hypothetical page remains invisible: to see what's on it, you've got to paste its contents.  While this isn't strictly true (On Mac OSX, for instance, an item at the bottom of the 'Edit' menu allows you to 'View Clipboard Contents'), most users are oblivious about viewing its contents, as one must explicitly seek it out.  This basic model, while simple, often falls short of many use cases.  Thus, OLPC has extended the traditional clipboard, empowering the user with added functionality without increasing complexity.

On the laptops, the clipboard takes the form of the left-hand edge of the frame.  This region serves as temporary storage for objects - a paper, an image, a sentence, a URL - facilitating their transfer among activities and, perhaps more importantly, among the various zoom levels.  Any type of object that can be stored in the Journal can likewise be transported via the clipboard.  A child may place an object on the clipboard in a couple of convenient ways.  First, keyboard shortcuts will provide an interface for simple copy and paste functions in the way already familiar to us.  Additionally, since objects support direct manipulation, the child may simply drag a photo, file, or selection onto the frame in order to copy it, and may then drag it out to paste it in another location, such as within another activity, on a friend, or to a [[DesignTeam/Human Interface Guidelines/The Laptop Experience/Bulletin Boards|Bulletin Board]].  As items are placed on the clipboard, they are arranged temporally in a push-down stack, the most recent clipping appearing in the upper-lefthand corner of the frame.

On the laptops, the clipboard takes the form of the left-hand edge of the frame.  This region serves as temporary storage for objects - a paper, an image, a sentence, a URL - facilitating their transfer among activities and, perhaps more importantly, among the various zoom levels.  Any type of object that can be stored in the Journal can likewise be transported via the clipboard.  A child may place an object on the clipboard in a couple of convenient ways.  First, keyboard shortcuts will provide an interface for simple copy and paste functions in the way already familiar to us.  Additionally, since objects support direct manipulation, the child may simply drag a photo, file, or selection onto the frame in order to copy it, and may then drag it out to paste it in another location, such as within another activity, on a friend, or to a [[Design  Team/Human Interface Guidelines/The Laptop Experience/Bulletin Boards|Bulletin Board]].  As items are placed on the clipboard, they are arranged temporally in a push-down stack, the most recent clipping appearing in the upper-lefthand corner of the frame.

With the presence of a clipboard which contains multiple items, it becomes necessary to add a means for selecting an active clipping as the source for any paste command.  Since the usual copy/paste keystrokes will quickly become familiar to all, any invocation of the copy shortcut will automatically place the resulting clipping at the top of the stack, selecting it as the source, so that a subsequent paste command behaves as expected.  When not using these traditional shortcuts, a single click on any object in the clipboard will select it, visibly indicating it as the new source. Additional copy commands (or drags) will continue to add elements to the clipboard stack.  Once the clipboard reaches a predefined limit, the elements at the bottom of the stack will begin to drop off making room for the new ones.  Elements may also be removed explicitly by the user via their contextual rollover, and a modified paste shortcut for advanced users will serve to both paste an item and pop it from the stack at the same time.

With the presence of a clipboard which contains multiple items, it becomes necessary to add a means for selecting an active clipping as the source for any paste command.  Since the usual copy/paste keystrokes will quickly become familiar to all, any invocation of the copy shortcut will automatically place the resulting clipping at the top of the stack, selecting it as the source, so that a subsequent paste command behaves as expected.  When not using these traditional shortcuts, a single click on any object in the clipboard will select it, visibly indicating it as the new source. Additional copy commands (or drags) will continue to add elements to the clipboard stack.  Once the clipboard reaches a predefined limit, the elements at the bottom of the stack will begin to drop off making room for the new ones.  Elements may also be removed explicitly by the user via their contextual rollover, and a modified paste shortcut for advanced users will serve to both paste an item and pop it from the stack at the same time.

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The bottom edge of the frame functions primarily as an [[DesignTeam/Human Interface Guidelines/Activities/Activity Basics#Starting_Activities|activity launcher]], but it also accumulates both incoming [[DesignTeam/Human Interface Guidelines/Activities/Activity Basics#Invitations|invitations]] and [[DesignTeam/Human Interface Guidelines/Activities/Activity Basics#Notifications|notifications]].  As a starting point for instantiating activities, this part of the frame is fairly straightforward.  Whenever an activity receives a click, a colored instance of that activity appears within the activity ring in the child's own colors, and invitations are automatically sent as appropriate.  On the other hand, anytime the child receives an invitation it appears as a colored activity icon (in the color of the inviting XO, of course), clearly distinct from the uncolored outlines of the activities which reside on the child's own machine.  Since an invitation to join an activity has no functional differences from starting, the invitations appropriately indicate this by their similar form.  The rollover state for these invitations allows the child to accept or decline the invitation, optionally providing a reason for declining.

The bottom edge of the frame functions primarily as an [[Design Team/Human Interface Guidelines/Activities/Activity Basics#Starting_Activities|activity launcher]], but it also accumulates both incoming [[Design Team/Human Interface Guidelines/Activities/Activity Basics#Invitations|invitations]] and [[Design Team/Human Interface Guidelines/Activities/Activity Basics#Notifications|notifications]].  As a starting point for instantiating activities, this part of the frame is fairly straightforward.  Whenever an activity receives a click, a colored instance of that activity appears within the activity ring in the child's own colors, and invitations are automatically sent as appropriate.  On the other hand, anytime the child receives an invitation it appears as a colored activity icon (in the color of the inviting XO, of course), clearly distinct from the uncolored outlines of the activities which reside on the child's own machine.  Since an invitation to join an activity has no functional differences from starting, the invitations appropriately indicate this by their similar form.  The rollover state for these invitations allows the child to accept or decline the invitation, optionally providing a reason for declining.

Notifications, the third aspect of the Actions edge of the frame, function slightly differently.  While they don't represent an activity that the child can join, they do come as messages from activities or from the system, conveying important information about the state of the activity or system status such as battery strength or wireless signal.  Though slightly different from activities and invitations, these notifications still require some action on the child's part, and are an appropriate addition to the frame which provides a convenient way to access them from within any view. Just as in the other edges of the frame, invitations and notifications organize by time, the most recent always in the lower left-hand corner, so that the child may handle them in a timely manner.

Notifications, the third aspect of the Actions edge of the frame, function slightly differently.  While they don't represent an activity that the child can join, they do come as messages from activities or from the system, conveying important information about the state of the activity or system status such as battery strength or wireless signal.  Though slightly different from activities and invitations, these notifications still require some action on the child's part, and are an appropriate addition to the frame which provides a convenient way to access them from within any view. Just as in the other edges of the frame, invitations and notifications organize by time, the most recent always in the lower left-hand corner, so that the child may handle them in a timely manner.

=====Notification Overrides=====

=====Notification Overrides=====

Though rare, some urgent [[DesignTeam/Human Interface Guidelines/Activities/Activity Basics#Notifications|notifications]] such as low battery levels may override the Frame, automatically bringing it into view without user interaction.  These overrides come from the system only; applications do not have privileges for override, although they may alert the user via standard notifications.

Though rare, some urgent [[Design Team/Human Interface Guidelines/Activities/Activity Basics#Notifications|notifications]] such as low battery levels may override the Frame, automatically bringing it into view without user interaction.  These overrides come from the system only; applications do not have privileges for override, although they may alert the user via standard notifications.

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