Platform Team/Guide/Sweets Packaging

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Summary

This guide describes how to prepare software projects to be distributed via Sugar Labs' Packaging Management System, Sweets.

Make sure that you read the introduction page and Usage guide. To understand conceptual ideas, read the Glossary.

Prepare the environment

Using the Usage guide's instructions, install the Sweets. In addition, Sweets might be used from sources: 

git clone git://git.sugarlabs.org/sdk/sweets.git
cd sweets
git submodule init
git submodule update
./sweets upgrade

The command ./sweets upgrade might require relogin from the X session to take into account the new PATH value.

Recipe files

The recipe specification file is an analog of scenario files in regular GNU/Linux distributions, like .spec files in RPM. It is the cornerstone of Sweets, everything on the sweet project level depends on the recipe file. For activities, activity/activity.info, an inherited recipe file name, is supported.

On a logical level, the entire Sweets infrastructure might be treated as a set of distribution bundles with sources that contain recipe files. Software projects are identified as Zero Install interfaces that contain information about which distribution bundle needs to be downloaded in order to launch a particular software version. That's not the full picture (there are binary bundles created based on sources), but it is useful for this topic's purpose. Read the Development with Sweets section to learn about the available usage scenarios.

A recipe file is an ini format configuration file that might consist of several sections:

These files need to be placed in the root sources directory with names sweets.recipe or activity/activity.info for Sugar activities.

Writing recipes

In sources directory, create a recipe file, e.g., using sweets init command. Recipe file should contain at least one use case section. There are several types of use case sections:

  • Activity for Sugar activities,
  • Application for stand alone applications,
  • Library for libraries.

Make sure that all required options were set. The implement option has a special meaning, it is an identifier of the sweet.

By default, the entirely sources directory will be packaged into sources tarball. In case if sources list needs to be restricted, add Source section with appropriate include and/or exclude options.

If the sweet needs to be built, add Build section.

If built files are platform dependent, add Archive section with arch=any option.

Interfaces

The implement, associate and requires (optionally) options contain short interfaces. These values have two meanings:

In the 2nd case, the last slash separated part is a package, and the rest is a project, e.g., for sdk/sugar, sdk is a project and sugar is a package in the sdk project. It is possible to have interface values without slashes, in that case, project and package names are the same.

In the OBS, there is a special project named base. This project contains sweets that all time will be represented only by native packages. In other words, if you need to make sure that your sweet needs to depend only on native packages, use dependencies from the base project.

The base project is also useful for associated interfaces set in associate recipe option. For example, if your sweet needs pygame=2 dependency that is not yet widespread, create ~user/pygame temporary sweet with 2 version only, and use ~user/pygame as a dependency in your sweet. If base/pygame will be added as associated interface to the ~user/pygame, users that have >=2 version in native packages will reuse them instead of ~user/pygame's one.

See OBS projects for all existed sweets.

Dependencies

Dependencies might be used in the requires and suggests options in recipes files to declare that the current sweet depends on another sweet/s.

The format of a dependency string is: 

<interface> [(=|>=|<) <version>]

The interface value supports all interface forms. The limited set of version conditions depends on Zero Install specification when the = condition is a high level one and will be described in >= and < terms.

Dependencies may be optional. In that case, they need to be wrapped in square brackets. Optional dependencies will be used only if there is an implementation to choose, otherwise they will be discarded without errors.

Stability status

Sweets should have stability status:

  • stable, final stable release,
  • testing, let people interested in testing try latest changes that are not yet stable,
  • developer, just a more extreme version of testing,

This is a useful Zero Install feature that let developers share not yet stable version among the community. Since by default, only stable versions are being used, people, who are interested in helping developers in polishing not yet stable versions, need to explicitly choose not stable versions.

Glob patterns

The include and exclude options contain file patterns. A pattern could be of two types:

  • doesn't contain / or ** substrings, will be applied only to file names
  • contains / or ** substring, will be applied to the full file path (relative to the root), thus could affect several directory levels

Only these pattern symbols are allowed:

  • * matches everything, except directory separator
  • ? matches any single character, except directory separator
  • ** matches everything, including directory separator

Examples

A list of recipe examples. Additionally, see sugar* repositories in the Gitorious sdk repository, all of them are sweets.

Python activity

Python-based activity with standard Sugar Platform dependencies. 

[Activity]
implement = cartoon-builder
name      = Cartoon Builder
summary   = Create your own cell-animation sequences
license   = GPLv2+
homepage  = http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activities/Cartoon_Builder

version   = %(activity_version)s
stability = stable

icon      = activity-cartoonbuilder
exec      = sugar-activity activity.CartoonBuilderActivity

# Backwards compatibility of original activity.info options
bundle_id = com.ywwg.CartoonBuilderActivity
activity_version = 7

Python library

A python-based library that could be used as is, or as an activity dependency. 

[Library]
implement = libjournal
name      = libjournal
summary   = Hight level library to create your own Journal-like activity
license   = GPLv3+
homepage  = http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activity_Team/Services/Journal
version   = 1
stability = testing
requires  = toolkit
binding   = PYTHONPATH

C-based library 

[DEFAULT]
depends   = base/glib; base/gconf; base/libgee >= 0.5; base/gtk+ >= 2.12
            base/pango >= 1.20; base/librsvg

[Library]
implement = polyol
name      = polyol
summary   = Intermediate level GObject based libraries for Sugar
description = Polyol is a set of libraries that are written in Vala.
            Libraries are intended to provide high-level C API to basic Sugar
            features including Gtk based user interface. Applications that are
            linked against Polyol, interact with sugar processes
            (like shell, datastore, etc.) via DBus.
license   = LGPLv3+
homepage  = http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activity_Team/Polyol

version   = 1
stability = developer

binding   = LD_LIBRARY_PATH lib
            PKG_CONFIG_PATH lib/pkgconfig
            VAPIDIR share/vala/vapi
requires  = %(depends)s

[Archive]
arch      = any

[Build]
requires  = %(depends)s; pkg-config; cmake; make; gcc-c
configure = cmake -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=%(PREFIX)s
                  -D PYTHON_SITEDIR=%(PREFIX)s/python
                  -D COMPONENTS="collab;ds;env;gui;shell;toolkit"
                  -D BINDING=python
                  -D CMAKE_C_FLAGS:STRING="%(CFLAGS)s"
                  .
make      = make
install   = make DESTDIR=%(DESTDIR)s install

Releasing

In Sweets, releasing means uploading a sources tarball with a release (though, that doesn't only mean stable versions) to the Sugar Labs instance of the Open Build Service (OBS). Before releasing, make sure that you have a Sugar Labs account. A login with password will be required the first time or when your cookie is missing.

Before releasing, make sure that your recipe conforms to the OBS Policy. While releasing, sweet sources will be uploaded to an OBS project/package according to the implement recipe option. If a particular project or package don't exist, they will be created (upon user's confirmation for project creation).

To initiate releasing, enter from the sweet sources directory: 

sweets commit

The sweets command will ask for a commit message, i.e., release notes. The same notes might be passed to commit command via the --message command-line argument.

If the releasing sweet is binary based, only the most recent stable version will be built on the OBS side, other versions will be built on the client side.

Development with Sweets

Source bundles might be used on the client side not only indirectly, via sweets command for example, but also explicitly. Sources might be bundled, emailed, etc. In this case, it is just like .xo files. To make sources useful within Sweets, the local directory with sources might be employed in several ways:

  • Applications might be launched from sources, sweets <path-to-sources>;
  • To reuse sources as dependencies for other sweets, the source directory needs to be registered in Sweets, sweets checkout <path-to-sources>; applications might be checked out as well.

Checking out will register a sweet in the local Sweets instance as a single implementation for the interfaces it implements. This feature is especially useful for libraries, for example, if the sugar-toolkit sources, which implement the sdk/sugar-toolkit interface, were cloned to the ~/src/sugar-toolkit directory, then, while running a sdk/sugar sweet, it would become possible to reuse local sugar-toolkit sources as a regular implementation of the sdk/sugar-toolkit dependency of sdk/sugar.

Sugar sweets

There are sdk/sugar sweets that might be used as an example how to support sweets. Sweets Sugar sources are always rebased forks of upstream projects with added sweets.recipe files and lightweight patches that make the original code useful via Sweets.

Checkout sources from:

and see its sweets.recipe files.

Developing activities

The regular way for development related routines regarding activity sources is runing setup.py script located in the root activity directory. With Sweets, all these routines might be used with sweets command. The reasons are:

  • The downside of using Sweets is that running setup.py requires being in the Sugar session (to have all libraries that setup.py injected);
  • Sweets is designed to support multiple software versions at the same time, it is not useful to login to different Sugar session for creating, e.g., source tarballs; In other words, having standalone utility makes more sense;
  • sweets command already contains development related functionality, it is useful to keep all development related functions in one utility.

Sweets support the following setup.pu's commands:

  • build, build generated files, e.g., locale/ directory;
  • dist_xo, create a .xo with activity sources;
  • dist_source, create activity sources tarball;
  • genpot, generate the gettext pot file.

And don't support the following:

  • dev, seems to be needlessly exaggerated, function creates symbolic link in ~/Activities directory to activity sources, the same might be done using ln -s command to avoid having derived functionality, or better, places source exactly to ~/Activities directory;
  • fix_manifest, function create MANIFEST file, not having this file is not a fail and Sweets is designed to have include/exclude rules in recipe files instead;
  • install, function installs activity to the root system, Sweets avoid, by design, any global changes during the regular behaviour.

As regular sweets's commands, these command need to be executed being in activity directory (in any of its sub-directories, not only in the root), or path to activity sources might be specified after command name, e.g.: 

sweets build [PATH]

Good practices

Devel packages

It is common practice in binary-based GNU/Linux distributions to use satellite devel packages to collect various build-time files like C headers or pkg-config files. In the Zero Install environment, this doesn't work, because every package is stored in a separate directory hierarchy, e.g., *.so symlinks, from devel package, will point to nothing, since all *.so.* files from the library package live in a separate directory.

Keep all build-time files in the sweet with runtime files.

Transparent behaviour

Library sweets that are associated with native packages (base/* sweets), should use regular environment variables for binding, such as LD_LIBRARY_PATH. The idea is that it should be possible to replace them with native packages transparently and avoid changes in sweets that use these libraries.

Feedback

  • Submit your bug report or feature request.
  • Subscribe to the sugar-devel mailing list and email with the subject prefixed with [SWEETS].
  • Ask your question on IRC channels, #sugar (not logged) or #sugar-newbies (logged).
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