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Line 1: − {{TOCright}}+ + + − This page helps you to put your [[Sugar on a Stick]] image on a USB flash drive under Linux. If you have questions, trouble or feedback, please let us know on the [[Talk:Sugar on a Stick|SoaS talk]] page. "Sugar on a Stick" is provided in a number of variants. If you can improve these instructions, please edit the page and do so! − == Put [[Sugar on a Stick/Installation/OLPC | SoaS on an OLPC XO-1]] ==+ − * See [[Sugar on a Stick/Installation/OLPC]] for booting an OLPC XO-1 with SoaS images.+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − == Put SoaS as a vmware appliance onto a vmware player stick ==+ − [http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/VMware These instructions] will help you put a [[Sugar on a Stick#Downloading|SoaS image]] onto a USB+ − stick that boots into VMPlayer that then runs a VMAppliance containing a [[Sugar on a Stick#Downloading|SoaS image]].+ − == openSUSE SoaS variant ==+ − For the openSUSE Sugar variant (bundled with 55+ activities) go to http://en.opensuse.org/Sugar+ − == Put SoaS on to a stick using Fedora and Ubuntu ==+ − This is known to work in Fedora and Ubuntu.+ − First, start downloading a SoaS <tt>.iso</tt> image from the [[Sugar on a Stick#Downloading|images]] table, then return here.+ − * Make sure you have the ''syslinux'' package installed on the operating system that you will use to prepare the Live USB image. It is recommended that you also have the ''isomd5sum'' package installed. The ''cryptsetup'' package is another option potentially used by the "livecd-iso-to-disk" installation script. (On Ubuntu, <code>sudo apt-get install syslinux isomd5sum cryptsetup</code> will install the packages. They are also available through the Synaptic Package Manager.) − : (On Gentoo, one needs to uncomment 'SAMPLE FILE' in /etc/mtools/mtools.conf to make syslinux work.) − :*''syslinux'' is needed to set up booting on the FAT file system of the USB disc or Live CD. − :*''isomd5sum'' is needed for the recommended verification step, which checks that the .iso file is complete after its travels. If there is a problem with the .iso file, the script will exit and provide a failure message. The verification step can be bypassed by using the <code>--noverify</code> option. − :*''cryptsetup'' is only needed for the option to provide password protection and encryption for the persistent /home/liveuser folder. It is not necessary if one applies the recommended <code>--unencrypted-home</code> option. The <code>--unencrypted-home</code> option is preferred because the reduced overhead improves robustness with the compressed ''squashfs'' file system employed by the Live USB deployment. − * Plug in a 1GB or larger USB stick into your computer. − * Download the installation script: http://people.sugarlabs.org/sdz/livecd-iso-to-disk.sh (09 April 2009) − + − + − Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on+ − /dev/sda1 19G 7.0G 11G 40% /+ − tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /lib/init/rw+ − varrun 1.5G 96K 1.5G 1% /var/run+ − varlock 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /var/lock + − udev 1.5G 2.9M 1.5G 1% /dev+ − tmpfs 1.5G 104K 1.5G 1% /dev/shm + − lrm 1.5G 2.0M 1.5G 1% /lib/modules/2.6.27-11-generic/volatile+ − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − + + + + + + + − * Then check to see that the partition is marked as bootable,<br>+ − − You should see output that looks like this: − Disk /dev/sdb: 1047 MB, 1047265280 bytes − 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 127 cylinders − Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes − Disk identifier: 0x0008325f − . − Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System − /dev/sdb1 * 1 127 1020096 6 FAT16 − The '*' under the Boot column is what you want to see. − : If not, then − :* For Ubuntu 8.10, menu: System -> Administration -> Partition Editor (GParted). − ::# Select your USB device (/dev/sd''b'' for the rest of these instructions), − ::# then your partition (/dev/sd''b1''), − ::# then menu: Partition -> Manage Flags, − ::# check the boot box, − ::# and Close to mark the partition as bootable. − + − ::# <tt>parted /dev/sd''b''</tt> − ::# toggle 1 boot − ::# quit − + − + − :: (Actually, that didn't work for me. But this did:+ − ::: <tt>lilo -M /dev/sd''b''</tt>+ − + − * Change mode to make the script executable. + − − * Run it as root, making sure to pass the correct USB device and to set overlay and home size appropriately, depending on the stick size. − − The ''livecd-iso-to-disk'' installation has the advantage over the ''liveusb-creator'' installation method by allowing a persistent /home/liveuser folder with the <tt>--home-size-mb ''NNN''</tt> option. This feature would allow you to update the OS image while keeping the user files (by running the script against your existing installation but <u>leaving out</u> the --home-size-mb NNN option). − * The <code>--delete-home</code> option is used to avoid an error message while requesting both a new home (with <code>--home-size-mb</code>) and a persistent home (indirectly with <code>--unencrypted-home</code>). You wouldn't use the --delete-home option on an upgrade of the operation system only. − Depending on the size of your USB stick, you may have to decrease <code>--overlay-size-mb</code> and <code>--home-size-mb</code> values (example, for 1 GB stick, use 200 for each). − * If you get an error about udevinfo, you have the new version of udev where "udevadm info" is the proper command. Create an executable file called udevinfo somewhere in your path with the following contents: − #!/bin/bash − udevadm info $* − * Watch out for errors in the output of the script, the script seams to ignore them!(and say all is fine on the last line). − ===Transcript===+ − + − Verifying image...+ − /home/walter/Desktop/Soas2-200906211228.iso: 9f1aa3c7a19dd9c68d1047d681f703c6+ − Fragment sums: f5ddb7deb26b6474bd59be9f57b6c7abcd624e1ccc682ddf664ba73da4ed+ − Fragment count: 20+ − Checking: 100.0%+ − + − The media check is complete, the result is: PASS.+ − + − It is OK to use this media.+ − Copying live image to USB stick+ − Updating boot config file+ − Initializing persistent overlay file+ − 300+0 records in+ − 300+0 records out+ − 314572800 bytes (315 MB) copied, 88.7551 s, 3.5 MB/s+ − Initializing persistent /home+ − 160+0 records in+ − 160+0 records out+ − 167772160 bytes (168 MB) copied, 48.1191 s, 3.5 MB/s+ − Formatting unencrypted /home+ − mke2fs 1.41.4 (27-Jan-2009)+ − Filesystem label=+ − OS type: Linux+ − Block size=1024 (log=0)+ − Fragment size=1024 (log=0)+ − 40960 inodes, 163840 blocks+ − 8192 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user+ − First data block=1+ − Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008+ − 20 block groups+ − 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group+ − 2048 inodes per group+ − Superblock backups stored on blocks: + − 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 + − + − Writing inode tables: done + − Creating journal (4096 blocks): done+ − Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done+ − + − This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or+ − 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.+ − tune2fs 1.41.4 (27-Jan-2009)+ − Setting maximal mount count to -1+ − Setting interval between checks to 0 seconds+ − Installing boot loader+ − USB stick set up as live image!+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − + − − [[Category:HowTo]]
Sugar on a Stick/Linux (view source)
Revision as of 12:10, 26 February 2015
, 12:10, 26 February 2015no edit summary
<noinclude>
[[Category:HowTo]]
</noinclude>
== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
The page [[Sugar on a Stick/Linux/Installation]] provides up-to-date and concise instructions for loading the most recent released version of [[Sugar on a Stick]] (SoaS) onto a USB/SD flash storage device using GNU/Linux.
==livecd-iso-to-disk tool==
Before experimenting beyond the instructions in the link above, please read [[fedora:How to create and use Live USB]] for more background details. That page starts with Direct Write methods of creating a (non-persistent) Live USB system, and further down the page describes using the livecd-iso-to-disk tool which is the prefered method of making persistent Sugar on a Stick.
The reader should be aware that Ubuntu/Debian use a method to create a live USB system which is fundamentally different to Fedora's method, used by Sugar.
:''Quote from the above Fedora page''
: '''Issues using other Linux distributions'''
: Ubuntu and derivative Linux distributions have a usb-creator program similar to Live USB Creator. This does not work with Fedora ISO images, it silently rejects them. usb-creator requires the ISO to have a Debian layout, with a /.disk/info file and a casper directory. Do not attempt to use this utility to write a Fedora ISO image.
: The livecd-iso-to-disk script is not meant to be run from a non-Fedora system. Even if it happens to run and write a stick apparently successfully from some other distribution, the stick may well fail to boot. Use of livecd-iso-to-disk on any distribution other than Fedora is unsupported and not expected to work: please use an alternative method, such as the "direct write" methods described above.
:''end Quote''
=== Persistence ===
Persistence in the context of a live USB system, is the ability to save both system changes, including Software updates, and the user's work between sessions, that is after shutdown and reboot.
==Linux users, suggested methods ==
Linux users might consider reading the following pages for supported methods to install SoaS.
'''Users of Fedora and Red Hat derivitives:'''
:[[Sugar on a Stick/Linux/Installation]]
'''Debian, Ubuntu, and derivitives, and other distros:'''
:Make your SoaS from within a Sugar Live OS environment, which is itself a Fedora system.
: '''Either''' Burn a Sugar.iso and follow the section of [[Sugar on a Stick/Installation]] entitled
:: "1. Burn a CD-ROM disc, boot from it, then run the script, ''livecd-iso-to-disk''"
: '''or''' create a Sugar image by dd or any of the methods on [[ Testing/Reports/Sugar_on_a_Stick_Persistence|this page]]. Then boot into the Live OS, to create SoaS from the running Live OS image.
* Check the USB device. In the example below the device is /dev/sdb:
If you have questions, trouble, or feedback, please let us know on the [[{{TALKPAGENAMEE}}|discussion]] page. If you can improve these instructions, please edit the page and do so!
: <tt>'''df -h'''</tt>
==Experimental==
To explore a variety of experimental options for putting a [[What is Sugar?|Sugar]] image on a USB or SD flash drive under GNU/Linux, see the following pages:
[[Sugar on a Stick/Beta|SoaS test builds]] | [[Sugar on a Stick/Installation/OLPC|OLPC XO-1]] | [[Sugar on a Stick/Linux/openSUSE|openSUSE]] | [[Trisquel On A Sugar Toast|Trisquel]] | [[VirtualBox]] | [[VMware]] | [[Sugar on a Stick/Linux/Non-compressed Fedora|non-compressed Fedora]] | [[:Category:Live USB|Live USB: (all known portable Sugar distributions)]]
=== Load SoaS further insight ===
/dev/sdb1 996M 913M 84M 92% /mnt/myUSBdisc
This is known to work in Fedora and has been reported to work in Ubuntu.
First, download a SoaS {{Code|.iso}} image from http://spins.fedoraproject.org/soas/#downloads, then return here.
* Make sure you have the ''syslinux'' package installed on the operating system that you will use to prepare the Live USB image. It is recommended that you also have the ''isomd5sum'' package installed. The ''cryptsetup'' package is another option potentially used by the "livecd-iso-to-disk" installation script. (On Ubuntu, {{Code|sudo apt-get install syslinux isomd5sum cryptsetup}} will install the packages. They are also available through the Synaptic Package Manager.)
:: <small>(On Gentoo, one needs to uncomment 'SAMPLE FILE' in /etc/mtools/mtools.conf to make syslinux work.)</small>
:*''[[wikipedia:Syslinux|syslinux]]'' is needed to set up booting on the FAT file system of the USB disc or Live CD.
:*''[[wikipedia:md5sum|isomd5sum]]'' is needed for the recommended verification step, which checks that the .iso file is complete after its travels. If there is a problem with the .iso file, the script will exit and provide a failure message. The verification step can be bypassed by using the <code>--noverify</code> option.
:*''[[wikipedia:dm-crypt|cryptsetup]]'' is only needed for the option to provide password protection and encryption for the persistent /home/liveuser folder. It is not necessary if one applies the recommended {{Code|--unencrypted-home}} option. The {{Code|--unencrypted-home}} option is preferred because the reduced overhead improves robustness with the compressed ''[[wikipedia:SquashFS|SquashFS]]'' file system employed by the Live USB deployment.
* Plug in a 2 GB or larger USB stick into your computer.
* Mount the 'SoaS.iso' image to reach the onboard livecd-iso-to-disk installation script:
: {{Code|sudo mkdir /run/soas/}}
: {{Code|sudo mount /path/to/Fedora-Live-SoaS-x86_64-20-1 /run/soas/}}
:: (mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only)
* Change the working directory to the LiveOS folder on the SoaS.iso mount:
: {{Code|cd /run/soas/LiveOS}}
* Execute {{Code|./livecd-iso-to-disk --help}} for usage details. (The file is already executable.)
* Check the USB device node name on your system. In the example below, the <abbr title="small computer system interface">'''s'''csi</abbr> '''d'''evice is /dev/sdc and filesystem partition on that device is /dev/sdc1:
<pre>
$ df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
rootfs rootfs 20G 12G 7.5G 61% /
udev devtmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 904K 1.6G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 788K 1.6G 1% /run
/dev/sda2 ext4 20G 12G 7.5G 61% /
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /media
/dev/sda2 ext4 20G 12G 7.5G 61% /tmp
/dev/sda2 ext4 20G 12G 7.5G 61% /var/tmp
/dev/sda2 ext4 20G 12G 7.5G 61% /home
/dev/loop0 iso9660 668M 668M 0 100% /run/soas
/dev/sdc1 vfat 3.8G 4.0K 3.8G 1% /run/media/MyAccount/MyUSBdiscMountPoint
</pre>
Another way to find out the USB device node name on your system is issuing the command
sudo fdisk -l
and looking in the output for the disk that corresponds to the USB device, e.g., a disk described with a stanza like
Disk /dev/sd'''?''': 1939 MB, 1939865600 bytes
150 heads, 42 sectors/track, 601 cylinders, total 3788800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000e14bf
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sd'''?'''1 * 2048 3784703 1891328 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
where '''?''' in /dev/sd'''?''' is (usually) a letter of the alphabet.
If you have only '''one''' storage device with 2 GB of nominal capacity, it will be easy to recognize the USB device in the fdisk output by looking at which device has (about) 2 GB of capacity. In the example above, "Disk /dev/sd'''?'''" reports to be as large as ''1939 MB'', that is almost 2 GB.
If you have '''more than one''' disk with about 2 GB of capacity, consider moving to a situation where you'll have only '''one''' device with 2 GB of capacity, because this will help out a lot in recognizing the drive correctly.
* Unmount the drive,<br>
* Unmount the drive,<br>
: <tt>sudo umount /dev/sd''b1''</tt>
: {{Code|sudo umount /run/media/MyAccount/MyUSBdiscMountPoint}}
:: <small>(The {{Code|/run/media/MyAccount/}} path is the new, standard Fedora mount point. Other operating systems may use {{Code|/media/MyMountPoint}}.)</small>
{{:Sugar on a Stick/Linux/bootable device}}
* Run {{Code|livecd-iso-to-disk}} as the root user, making sure to pass the correct USB device node name and to set overlay and home size appropriately, depending on the target USB device storage capacity.
:<div style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2F6FAB; background-color: #FBFBFB; margin: 1em 0px 1em 0em; font-family: Courier;">./livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr --overlay-size-mb '''500''' --home-size-mb '''800''' --unencrypted-home '''/path/to/downloaded'''.iso /dev/sd'''?'''1</div>
: If the command fails telling you that /dev/sd'''?'''1 does not exist, try using the command for /dev/sd'''?''' (the name of the device) and not for /dev/sd'''?'''1 (the name of the partition), like this:
:<div style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2F6FAB; background-color: #FBFBFB; margin: 1em 0px 1em 0em; font-family: Courier;">./livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr --overlay-size-mb '''500''' --home-size-mb '''800''' --unencrypted-home '''/path/to/downloaded'''.iso /dev/sd'''?'''</div>
: <tt>sudo fdisk '''-l'''</tt> ''<----that's a lowercase letter 'L' for the '''l'''ist option.''
:* For Fedora,
: If the command fails returning a complaint about the filesystem not being mounted, '''and''' you can afford to '''loose all data on the USB device''', you can try reformatting the USB device filesystem:
* Also, check to see that you do not already have an existing bootloader (such as GRUB) in the MBR of your stick. (If you have not previously used this stick as a live boot, you can skip this step.) To be sure that the USB stick's MBR is wiped clean, overwrite it completely using:
:* mount the USB device (e.g., by unplugging and re-inserting it),
: <tt>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sd''b'' bs=446 count=1</tt>
:* repeat the steps for learning its device name (there can be situations when the device name has changed!)
:* issue the command with the '''{{Code|--format --msdos}}''' options, like this:
{{Note/warning|Warning|The command described here will ask for a confirmation and will '''destroy''' all pre-existing data on your USB device.<br>
:::It put in a standard MBR that boots whichever partition has been called bootable. It does not install LILO as such.)
See also [[olpc:How_to_Damage_a_FLASH_Storage_Device|How to Damage a FLASH Storage Device]] for a discussion of why using the factory format is preferred.}}
::<div style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2F6FAB; background-color: #FBFBFB; margin: 1em 0px 1em 0em; font-family: Courier;">./livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr '''--format --msdos''' --overlay-size-mb '''500''' --home-size-mb '''800''' --unencrypted-home '''/path/to/downloaded'''.iso /dev/sd'''?'''</div>
: <tt>chmod +x livecd-iso-to-disk.sh</tt>
: <tt>sudo ./livecd-iso-to-disk.sh --overlay-size-mb 300 --home-size-mb 160 --delete-home --unencrypted-home soas-beta.iso /dev/sd''b1''</tt>
: {{Highlight|In the above examples, the {{Code|'''/path/to/downloaded'''.iso}} may be substituted with {{Code|/dev/loop0}}, as this is the loop device that the mount command chose.}}
$ sudo ./livecd-iso-to-disk.sh --overlay-size-mb 300 --home-size-mb 160 --delete-home --unencrypted-home Soas2-200906211228.iso /dev/sdb1
{{Note/note|Note| Additional USB or SD devices may be loaded from a running ''Sugar on a Stick'' image that was loaded with the livecd-iso-to-disk script (but not those installed by other methods) by running this command in the Terminal Activity as a root user:}}
:<div style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2F6FAB; background-color: #FBFBFB; margin: 1em 0px 1em 0em; font-family: Courier;">/run/initramfs/live/LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr --overlay-size-mb '''500''' --home-size-mb '''800''' --unencrypted-home /run/initramfs/livedev /dev/sd'''?'''1</div>
: The ''livecd-iso-to-disk'' installation method has other advantages over the ''liveusb-creator'' method by allowing the creation of a separate, persistent /home/liveuser folder with the <tt>--home-size-mb ''NNN''</tt> option. This feature avoids consumption of the persistent overlay for Activity storage (see [[LiveOS image]]) and allows one to update the OS image while keeping the user files (by running the script against your existing installation but <u>leaving out</u> the --home-size-mb NNN option).
::* A {{Code|--delete-home}} option is available to avoid an error message while requesting both a new home (with {{Code|--home-size-mb}}) when there is already a persistent home on the device). You wouldn't use the --delete-home option on an upgrade of the operating system only.
:Depending on the size of your USB stick, you may have to decrease {{Code|--overlay-size-mb}} and {{Code|--home-size-mb}} values (for example, for a 2 GB stick, use 500 for the overlay and 800 for the home folder).
:: If you have sufficient capacity on your target device, and format it with an ext[234] filesystem to overcome the 4096-MB fat32 file size limit, you may avoid the SquashFS compression by including the {{Code|--skipcompress}} option in the script command line.
:* Watch out for errors in the output of the script, the script seems to ignore them! (and say all is fine on the last line).
===livecd-iso-to-disk transcript===
<pre>
[LiveOS]$ sudo ./livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr --overlay-size-mb 500 --home-size-mb 800 --unencrypted-home /home/MyAccount/Downloads/Fedora-Live-SoaS-x86_64-20-1.iso /dev/sdc1
Verifying image...
/home/MyAccount/Downloads/Fedora-Live-SoaS-x86_64-20-1.iso: b0a9414ff7eb79b680d5c86440e19587
Fragment sums: 9bfe23577651c88dcfb78c76ac3a28a5c53eead4561e3bdc5921b8b2e748
Fragment count: 20
Press [Esc] to abort check.
Checking: 100.0%
The media check is complete, the result is: PASS.
It is OK to use this media.
Copying live image to target device.
squashfs.img
630,784,000 100% 1.96MB/s 0:05:06 (xfr#1, to-chk=0/1)
osmin.img
8,192 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=0/1)
Updating boot config file
Initializing persistent overlay file
500+0 records in
500+0 records out
524288000 bytes (524 MB) copied, 216.717 s, 2.4 MB/s
Initializing persistent /home
800+0 records in
800+0 records out
838860800 bytes (839 MB) copied, 344.643 s, 2.4 MB/s
Formatting unencrypted /home
mke2fs 1.42.8 (20-Jun-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
51296 inodes, 204800 blocks
10240 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=209715200
7 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7328 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
tune2fs 1.42.8 (20-Jun-2013)
Setting maximal mount count to -1
Setting interval between checks to 0 seconds
Installing boot loader
Target device is now set up with a Live image!
</pre>
== What's next? ==
== What's next? ==
After you've created your stick, it's time to [[Sugar_on_a_Stick#Boot|boot your stick]] and [[Sugar on a Stick/Getting Involved | test]] it out. Please also [[Sugar on a Stick/Getting Involved/Testing | report]] your observations.
After you've created your stick, it's time to [[Sugar on a Stick/Boot|boot your stick]] and [[Sugar on a Stick/Getting Involved | test]] it out. Please also [[Sugar on a Stick/Getting Involved/Testing | report]] your observations.