Changes

</noinclude>

</noinclude>

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

This page provides additional detail for loading '''[[Sugar on a Stick/Quandong|Quandong]]''', the most stable, released version of Sugar on a Stick (SoaS), available at [[Sugar on a Stick/Downloads]], onto a USB/SD flash storage device using GNU/Linux.

This page provides additional detail for loading '''[[Sugar on a Stick/10]]''', the most recent, released version of Sugar on a Stick (SoaS), available at [[Sugar on a Stick/Downloads]], onto a USB/SD flash storage device using GNU/Linux.

: To explore a variety of '''experimental''' options for putting a [[What is Sugar?|Sugar]] image on a USB or SD flash drive under GNU/Linux, see the following pages:

: To explore a variety of '''experimental''' options for putting a [[What is Sugar?|Sugar]] image on a USB or SD flash drive under GNU/Linux, see the following pages:

* Plug in a 2 GB or larger USB stick into your computer.

* Plug in a 2 GB or larger USB stick into your computer.

* Mount the 'SoaS.iso' image to reach the onboard livecd-iso-to-disk installation script:

* Mount the 'SoaS.iso' image to reach the onboard livecd-iso-to-disk installation script:

: {{Code|sudo mkdir /media/soas/}}

: {{Code|sudo mkdir /run/soas/}}

: {{Code|sudo mount /path/to/Fedora-17-x86_64-Live-SoaS.iso /media/soas/}}

: {{Code|sudo mount /path/to/Fedora-Live-SoaS-x86_64-20-1 /run/soas/}}

:: (mount: warning: /media/soas/ seems to be mounted read-only.)

:: (mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only)

* Change the working directory to the LiveOS folder on the SoaS.iso mount:

* Change the working directory to the LiveOS folder on the SoaS.iso mount:

: {{Code|cd /media/soas/LiveOS}}

: {{Code|cd /run/soas/LiveOS}}

* Execute {{Code|./livecd-iso-to-disk --help}} for usage details. (The file is already executable.)

* Execute {{Code|./livecd-iso-to-disk --help}} for usage details. (The file is already executable.)

/dev/sda2    ext4    20G  12G  7.5G  61% /var/tmp

/dev/sda2    ext4    20G  12G  7.5G  61% /var/tmp

/dev/sda2    ext4    20G  12G  7.5G  61% /home

/dev/sda2    ext4    20G  12G  7.5G  61% /home

/dev/loop0 iso9660    509M 509M     0 100% /media/soas

/dev/loop0 iso9660    668M 668M     0 100% /run/soas

/dev/sdc1    vfat    3.8G  4.0K  3.8G  1% /run/media/MyAccount/MyUSBdiscMountPoint

/dev/sdc1    vfat    3.8G  4.0K  3.8G  1% /run/media/MyAccount/MyUSBdiscMountPoint

</pre>

</pre>

* Unmount the drive,<br>

* Unmount the drive,<br>

: {{Code|sudo umount /run/media/MyAccount/MyUSBdiscMountPoint}}

: {{Code|sudo umount /run/media/MyAccount/MyUSBdiscMountPoint}}

:: <small>(The {{Code|/run/media/MyAccount/}} path is the new, Fedora 17 standard mount point. Other operating systems may use {{Code|/media/MyMountPoint}}.)</small>

:: <small>(The {{Code|/run/media/MyAccount/}} path is the new, standard Fedora mount point. Other operating systems may use {{Code|/media/MyMountPoint}}.)</small>

{{:Sugar on a Stick/Linux/bootable device}}

{{:Sugar on a Stick/Linux/bootable device}}

* Run {{Code|livecd-iso-to-disk}} as the root user, making sure to pass the correct USB device node name and to set overlay and home size appropriately, depending on the target USB device storage capacity.

* Run {{Code|livecd-iso-to-disk}} as the root user, making sure to pass the correct USB device node name and to set overlay and home size appropriately, depending on the target USB device storage capacity.

:<div style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2F6FAB; background-color: #FBFBFB; margin: 1em 0px 1em 0em; font-family: Courier;">./livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr --overlay-size-mb '''500''' --home-size-mb '''900''' --delete-home --unencrypted-home '''/path/to/downloaded'''.iso /dev/sd'''?'''1</div>

:<div style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2F6FAB; background-color: #FBFBFB; margin: 1em 0px 1em 0em; font-family: Courier;">./livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr --overlay-size-mb '''500''' --home-size-mb '''800''' --unencrypted-home '''/path/to/downloaded'''.iso /dev/sd'''?'''1</div>

: If the command fails telling you that /dev/sd'''?'''1 does not exist, try using the command for /dev/sd'''?''' (the name of the device) and not for /dev/sd'''?'''1 (the name of the partition), like this:

: If the command fails telling you that /dev/sd'''?'''1 does not exist, try using the command for /dev/sd'''?''' (the name of the device) and not for /dev/sd'''?'''1 (the name of the partition), like this:

:<div style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2F6FAB; background-color: #FBFBFB; margin: 1em 0px 1em 0em; font-family: Courier;">./livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr --overlay-size-mb '''500''' --home-size-mb '''900''' --delete-home --unencrypted-home '''/path/to/downloaded'''.iso /dev/sd'''?'''</div>

:<div style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2F6FAB; background-color: #FBFBFB; margin: 1em 0px 1em 0em; font-family: Courier;">./livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr --overlay-size-mb '''500''' --home-size-mb '''800''' --unencrypted-home '''/path/to/downloaded'''.iso /dev/sd'''?'''</div>

: If the command fails returning a complaint about the filesystem not being mounted, '''and''' you can afford to '''loose all data on the USB device''', you can try reformatting the USB device filesystem:

: If the command fails returning a complaint about the filesystem not being mounted, '''and''' you can afford to '''loose all data on the USB device''', you can try reformatting the USB device filesystem:

{{Note/warning|Warning|The command described here will ask for a confirmation and will '''destroy''' all pre-existing data on your USB device.<br>

{{Note/warning|Warning|The command described here will ask for a confirmation and will '''destroy''' all pre-existing data on your USB device.<br>

See also [[olpc:How_to_Damage_a_FLASH_Storage_Device|How to Damage a FLASH Storage Device]] for a discussion of why using the factory format is preferred.}}

See also [[olpc:How_to_Damage_a_FLASH_Storage_Device|How to Damage a FLASH Storage Device]] for a discussion of why using the factory format is preferred.}}

::<div style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2F6FAB; background-color: #FBFBFB; margin: 1em 0px 1em 0em; font-family: Courier;">./livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr '''--format --msdos''' --overlay-size-mb '''500''' --home-size-mb '''900''' --unencrypted-home '''/path/to/downloaded'''.iso /dev/sd'''?'''</div>

::<div style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2F6FAB; background-color: #FBFBFB; margin: 1em 0px 1em 0em; font-family: Courier;">./livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr '''--format --msdos''' --overlay-size-mb '''500''' --home-size-mb '''800''' --unencrypted-home '''/path/to/downloaded'''.iso /dev/sd'''?'''</div>

: {{Highlight|In the above examples, the {{Code|'''/path/to/downloaded'''.iso}} may be substituted with {{Code|/dev/loop0}}, as this is the loop device that the mount command chose.}}

: {{Highlight|In the above examples, the {{Code|'''/path/to/downloaded'''.iso}} may be substituted with {{Code|/dev/loop0}}, as this is the loop device that the mount command chose.}}

{{Note/note|Note| Additional USB or SD devices may be loaded from a running ''Sugar on a Stick'' image that was loaded with the livecd-iso-to-disk script (but not those installed by other methods) by running this command in the Terminal Activity as a root user:}}

{{Note/note|Note| Additional USB or SD devices may be loaded from a running ''Sugar on a Stick'' image that was loaded with the livecd-iso-to-disk script (but not those installed by other methods) by running this command in the Terminal Activity as a root user:}}

:<div style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2F6FAB; background-color: #FBFBFB; margin: 1em 0px 1em 0em; font-family: Courier;">/run/initramfs/live/LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr --overlay-size-mb '''500''' --home-size-mb '''900''' --delete-home --unencrypted-home /run/initramfs/livedev /dev/sd'''?'''1</div>

:<div style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2F6FAB; background-color: #FBFBFB; margin: 1em 0px 1em 0em; font-family: Courier;">/run/initramfs/live/LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr --overlay-size-mb '''500''' --home-size-mb '''800''' --unencrypted-home /run/initramfs/livedev /dev/sd'''?'''1</div>

: The ''livecd-iso-to-disk'' installation method has other advantages over the ''liveusb-creator'' method by allowing the creation of a separate,  persistent /home/liveuser folder with the <tt>--home-size-mb ''NNN''</tt> option. This feature avoids consumption of the write-once persistent overlay for Activity storage (see [[LiveOS image]]) and allows one to update the OS image while keeping the user files (by running the script against your existing installation but <u>leaving out</u> the --home-size-mb NNN option).

: The ''livecd-iso-to-disk'' installation method has other advantages over the ''liveusb-creator'' method by allowing the creation of a separate,  persistent /home/liveuser folder with the <tt>--home-size-mb ''NNN''</tt> option. This feature avoids consumption of the write-once persistent overlay for Activity storage (see [[LiveOS image]]) and allows one to update the OS image while keeping the user files (by running the script against your existing installation but <u>leaving out</u> the --home-size-mb NNN option).

::* The {{Code|--delete-home}} option is used to avoid an error message while requesting both a new home (with {{Code|--home-size-mb}}) and a persistent home (indirectly with {{Code|--unencrypted-home}}). You wouldn't use the --delete-home option on an upgrade of the operation system only.

::* A {{Code|--delete-home}} option is available to avoid an error message while requesting both a new home (with {{Code|--home-size-mb}}) when there is already a persistent home on the device). You wouldn't use the --delete-home option on an upgrade of the operating system only.

:Depending on the size of your USB stick, you may have to decrease {{Code|--overlay-size-mb}} and {{Code|--home-size-mb}} values (for example, for a 2 GB stick, use 500 for the overlay and 900 for the home folder).

:Depending on the size of your USB stick, you may have to decrease {{Code|--overlay-size-mb}} and {{Code|--home-size-mb}} values (for example, for a 2 GB stick, use 500 for the overlay and 800 for the home folder).

:: If you have sufficient capacity on your target device, and format it with an ext[234] filesystem to overcome the 2048-MB fat32 file size limit, you may avoid the SquashFS compression by including the {{Code|--skipcompress}} option in the script command line.

:: If you have sufficient capacity on your target device, and format it with an ext[234] filesystem to overcome the 4096-MB fat32 file size limit, you may avoid the SquashFS compression by including the {{Code|--skipcompress}} option in the script command line.

:* Watch out for errors in the output of the script, the script seems to ignore them! (and say all is fine on the last line).

:* Watch out for errors in the output of the script, the script seems to ignore them! (and say all is fine on the last line).

<pre>

<pre>

[LiveOS]$ sudo ./livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr --overlay-size-mb 500 --home-size-mb 900 --delete-home --unencrypted-home /media/SoaS/Fedora-17-x86_64-Live-SoaS.iso /dev/sdc1

[LiveOS]$ sudo ./livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr --overlay-size-mb 500 --home-size-mb 800 --unencrypted-home /home/MyAccount/Downloads/Fedora-Live-SoaS-x86_64-20-1.iso /dev/sdc1

Verifying image...

Verifying image...

/media/SoaS/Fedora-17-x86_64-Live-SoaS.iso:   470134baa7e48085595243e53b55d41e

/home/MyAccount/Downloads/Fedora-Live-SoaS-x86_64-20-1.iso:   b0a9414ff7eb79b680d5c86440e19587

Fragment sums: 7de3e14f3d5aa991343fa35bdfe3a1db59d578db95a844a63d22de789de1

Fragment sums: 9bfe23577651c88dcfb78c76ac3a28a5c53eead4561e3bdc5921b8b2e748

Fragment count: 20

Fragment count: 20

Press [Esc] to abort check.

Press [Esc] to abort check.

Copying live image to target device.

Copying live image to target device.

squashfs.img

squashfs.img

  512344064 100%   43.04MB/s    0:00:11 (xfer#1, to-check=0/1)

    630,784,000 100%   1.96MB/s    0:05:06 (xfr#1, to-chk=0/1)

 

osmin.img

osmin.img

        8192 100%    0.00kB/s    0:00:00 (xfer#1, to-check=0/1)

          8,192 100%    0.00kB/s    0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=0/1)

 

Updating boot config file

Updating boot config file

Initializing persistent overlay file

Initializing persistent overlay file

500+0 records in

500+0 records in

500+0 records out

500+0 records out

524288000 bytes (524 MB) copied, 5.1728 s, 101 MB/s

524288000 bytes (524 MB) copied, 216.717 s, 2.4 MB/s

Initializing persistent /home

Initializing persistent /home

900+0 records in

800+0 records in

900+0 records out

800+0 records out

943718400 bytes (944 MB) copied, 152.195 s, 6.2 MB/s

838860800 bytes (839 MB) copied, 344.643 s, 2.4 MB/s

Formatting unencrypted /home

Formatting unencrypted /home

mke2fs 1.42.3 (14-May-2012)

mke2fs 1.42.8 (20-Jun-2013)

Filesystem label=

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

OS type: Linux

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

57600 inodes, 230400 blocks

51296 inodes, 204800 blocks

11520 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

10240 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=239075328

Maximum filesystem blocks=209715200

8 block groups

7 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

7200 inodes per group

7328 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:  

Superblock backups stored on blocks:  

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

32768, 98304, 163840

Allocating group tables: done                             

Allocating group tables: done                             

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

tune2fs 1.42.3 (14-May-2012)

tune2fs 1.42.8 (20-Jun-2013)

Setting maximal mount count to -1

Setting maximal mount count to -1

Setting interval between checks to 0 seconds

Setting interval between checks to 0 seconds