Difference between revisions of "VirtualBox/Preparing a disk image"

Revision as of 23:29, 9 June 2010

Instructions for preparing a VirtualBox disk image from a SoaS iso image file.

(Taken from Dave Bauer's posting at http://schools.sugarlabs.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=27.)
Updated 09 June 2010 with VirtualBox 3.2.4 and 32-bit Fedora.

Installing SoaS .iso image

Create a new VM, choose a name, such as Mirabelle
Choose Linux for the Operating System and Version Fedora (use 64 bit, if available)
Choose Base Memory Size: 256 MB to match an XO-1, 512 or 1024 MB to match an XO-1.5
Create a new virtual hard disk image with dynamically expanding storage of 2 GB
Finish.
Download the lastest SoaS, http://spins.fedoraproject.org/soas/#downloads, for Fedora 13.
Mount the SoaS .iso image file as a CD-ROM in the newly created VM.
Change the Network Attached to: Bridged Adapter (This allows for networking with the host computer.)
Start the VM
Enter an account name and startup Sugar.
Open Terminal.
su -
parted
mklabel msdos
This makes a partition table.
mkpart primary ext2 0 2048
You will receive this message:
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel?

Enter (I)gnore
toggle 1 boot
quit
mke2fs /dev/sda1
/LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk --overlay-size-mb 200 --home-size-mb 200 --delete-home --unencrypted-home /dev/live /dev/sda1
(for earlier versions of SoaS
Blueberry - use /media/soas-2-blueberry/LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk
Strawberry - use /mnt/live/LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk)

[root@localhost ~]# parted
GNU Parted 2.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel msdos                                                    
(parted) mkpart primary ext2 0 2048
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? I                                                          
(parted) toggle 1 boot                                                    
(parted) quit                                                             
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.                           

[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs /dev/sda1
mke2fs 1.41.10 (10-Feb-2009)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
125184 inodes, 500000 blocks
25000 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=515899392
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7824 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done                            
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@localhost ~]# /LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk --overlay-size-mb 200 --home-size-mb 200 --delete-home --unencrypted-home /dev/live /dev/sda1
Verifying image...
/dev/sr0:   0ce28e3947106fd37bab9317abf09938
Fragment sums: a3c6e5fd5fba11d2b4da71771e8732b63bcb62b841971f7f39ab5c187f64
Fragment count: 20
Checking: 100.0%

The media check is complete, the result is: PASS.

It is OK to use this media.
Copying live image to USB stick
Updating boot config file
Initializing persistent overlay file
0+0 records in
0+0 records out
0 bytes (0 B) copied, 0.000150187 s, 0.0 kB/s
Initializing persistent /home
0+0 records in
0+0 records out
0 bytes (0 B) copied, 0.0039562 s, 0.0 kB/s
Formatting unencrypted /home
mke2fs 1.41.10 (10-Feb-2009)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
51200 inodes, 204800 blocks
10240 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008
25 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
tune2fs 1.41.10 (10-Feb-2009)
Setting maximal mount count to -1
Setting interval between checks to 0 seconds
Installing boot loader
/media/usbdev.XB8shz/syslinux is device /dev/sda1
USB stick set up as live image!

the --overlay-size-mb NNN and --home-size-mb NNN options creates space for persistence of changes on the disk; otherwise, a liveOS disk is read-only. See LiveOS image.

The following optional parameters seem to be incompatible with soas-1-strawberry and soas-2-blueberry released versions. (The script completes successfully, but the virtual machine startup process has trouble finding the home directory and fails to complete.)

the --home-size-mb NNN option creates space for file storage in the /home/liveuser folder. (In the case where you you want to update the LiveOS image while keeping the user files, skip the new disk creation and parted steps, leave out the --home-size-mb NNN option at this step, and continue on.)
the --unencrypted-home option prevents password protection and encryption on the /home/liveuser folder. This releaves the overhead on the compressed SquashFS, and should be more robust to file system failures (outside of security).
the --delete-home option is used to avoid an error message while requesting both a new home (with --home-size-mb) and a persistent home (with --unencrypted-home). (You wouldn't use this option for the LiveOS upgrade case.)

shutdown -h now

Installing VirtualBox Guest Additions

Unmount CD/DVD in VirtualBox settings, select 'Empty' for the CD/DVD device under 'Attributes'
Start the virtual machine
Open Terminal
su -
yum install dkms gcc
(Other dependencies will be called into the installation.)

{{Show|<Terminal log from 09 June 2010>

|

[root@localhost ~]# yum install dkms gcc
Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekit
fedora/metalink                                                           |  13 kB     00:00     
fedora                                                                    | 4.3 kB     00:00     
fedora/primary_db                                                         |  13 MB     00:18     
updates/metalink                                                          |  15 kB     00:00     
updates                                                                   | 4.5 kB     00:00     
updates/primary_db                                                        | 867 kB     00:00     
Setting up Install Process
Package 1:make-3.81-18.fc12.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dkms.noarch 0:2.1.0.1-1.fc12 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-devel for package: dkms-2.1.0.1-1.fc12.noarch
---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.4-2.fc13 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.4.4-2.fc13 for package: gcc-4.4.4-2.fc13.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: cloog-ppl >= 0.15 for package: gcc-4.4.4-2.fc13.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12 for package: gcc-4.4.4-2.fc13.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.fc12 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libppl.so.7()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.fc12.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libppl_c.so.2()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.fc12.x86_64
---> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.4-2.fc13 set to be updated
---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.12-1 for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.x86_64
---> Package kernel-devel.x86_64 0:2.6.33.4-95.fc13 set to be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.x86_64
---> Package ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-10.fc12 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.33.4-95.fc13 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=================================================================================================
 Package                  Arch             Version                       Repository         Size
=================================================================================================
Installing:
 dkms                     noarch           2.1.0.1-1.fc12                fedora             95 k
 gcc                      x86_64           4.4.4-2.fc13                  fedora             10 M
Installing for dependencies:
 cloog-ppl                x86_64           0.15.7-1.fc12                 fedora             82 k
 cpp                      x86_64           4.4.4-2.fc13                  fedora            3.7 M
 glibc-devel              x86_64           2.12-1                        fedora            959 k
 glibc-headers            x86_64           2.12-1                        fedora            588 k
 kernel-devel             x86_64           2.6.33.4-95.fc13              updates           6.3 M
 kernel-headers           x86_64           2.6.33.4-95.fc13              updates           761 k
 ppl                      x86_64           0.10.2-10.fc12                fedora            1.1 M

Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================
Install       9 Package(s)
Upgrade       0 Package(s)

Total download size: 24 M
Installed size: 60 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Setting up and reading Presto delta metadata
fedora/prestodelta                                                        |  419 B     00:00     
updates/prestodelta                                                       | 4.6 kB     00:00     
Processing delta metadata
Package(s) data still to download: 24 M
(1/9): cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.fc12.x86_64.rpm                                 |  82 kB     00:00     
(2/9): cpp-4.4.4-2.fc13.x86_64.rpm                                        | 3.7 MB     00:06     
(3/9): dkms-2.1.0.1-1.fc12.noarch.rpm                                     |  95 kB     00:00     
(4/9): gcc-4.4.4-2.fc13.x86_64.rpm                                        |  10 MB     00:17     
(5/9): glibc-devel-2.12-1.x86_64.rpm                                      | 959 kB     00:01     
(6/9): glibc-headers-2.12-1.x86_64.rpm                                    | 588 kB     00:00     
(7/9): kernel-devel-2.6.33.4-95.fc13.x86_64.rpm                           | 6.3 MB     00:02     
(8/9): kernel-headers-2.6.33.4-95.fc13.x86_64.rpm                         | 761 kB     00:00     
(9/9): ppl-0.10.2-10.fc12.x86_64.rpm                                      | 1.1 MB     00:02     
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                            718 kB/s |  24 MB     00:33     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing     : cpp-4.4.4-2.fc13.x86_64                                                   1/9 
  Installing     : ppl-0.10.2-10.fc12.x86_64                                                 2/9 
  Installing     : cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.fc12.x86_64                                            3/9 
  Installing     : kernel-devel-2.6.33.4-95.fc13.x86_64                                      4/9 
  Installing     : kernel-headers-2.6.33.4-95.fc13.x86_64                                    5/9 
  Installing     : glibc-headers-2.12-1.x86_64                                               6/9 
  Installing     : glibc-devel-2.12-1.x86_64                                                 7/9 
  Installing     : gcc-4.4.4-2.fc13.x86_64                                                   8/9 
  Installing     : dkms-2.1.0.1-1.fc12.noarch                                                9/9 

Installed:
  dkms.noarch 0:2.1.0.1-1.fc12                     gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.4-2.fc13                    

Dependency Installed:
  cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.fc12               cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.4-2.fc13                       
  glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1                    glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1                   
  kernel-devel.x86_64 0:2.6.33.4-95.fc13         kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.33.4-95.fc13        
  ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-10.fc12                   

Complete!

cd /media/VBOXADDITIONS_3.2.0_61806/
./VBoxLinuxAdditions-amd64.run
- (This fails currently. More testing and debugging needed.)
- If upgrading from one VirtualBox version to another, start with fresh virtual disks and machines built with the new versions to avoid breakage.
reboot

[root@localhost ~]# cd /media/VBOXADDITIONS_3.2.0_61806/
[root@localhost VBOXADDITIONS_3.2.0_61806]# ./VBoxLinuxAdditions-amd64.run 
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing VirtualBox 3.2.0 Guest Additions for Linux........
VirtualBox Guest Additions installer
Building the VirtualBox Guest Additions kernel modules     [FAILED]
(Your system does not seem to be set up to build kernel modules.
Look at /var/log/vboxadd-install.log to find out what went wrong)
Installing the Window System drivers
Installing X.Org Server 1.8 modules                        [  OK  ]
Setting up the Window System to use the Guest Additions    [  OK  ]
You may need to restart the hal service and the Window System (or just restart
the guest system) to enable the Guest Additions.

Installing graphics libraries and desktop services componen[  OK  ]

Configure Screen

Edit /etc/X11/xorg.conf to match the following section: (This is for 1200x900 (XO) and other resolutions.)

# VirtualBox generated configuration file
# based on /etc/X11/xorg.conf.

Section "Monitor"
  Identifier   "Monitor[0]"
  ModelName    "VirtualBox Virtual Output"
  VendorName   "Sun Microsystems Inc"
EndSection

Section "Device"
  BoardName    "VirtualBox Graphics"
  Driver       "vboxvideo"
  Identifier   "Device[0]"
  VendorName   "Sun Microsystems Inc"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
  Identifier   "Screen[0]"
  Device       "Device[0]"
  Monitor      "Monitor[0]"
  DefaultDepth 16
  SubSection "Display"
    Depth      16
    Modes      "1200x900" "1024x768" "800x600"
  EndSubSection
EndSection

Clear user data

Finally,

Open Terminal
Terminal
rm -rf ~/.sugar (if distributing image)
su -
shutdown -h now
Now you can share the VDI file.

Backup discs

It would be wise to maintain a clone of your virtual disk image to restart if the working copy is damaged:

From host command line (Windows cmd, or Linux terminal) See VirtualBox Help section 8.14.
- VBoxManage clonehd <uuid>|<filename> <outputfile> [-format VDI|VMDK|VHD|RAW|<other>] [-remember]
Reclone any virtual hard disks you would like to archive.

SSH connections

To enable SSH communications, we need to permit no passwords in the ssh daemon configuration:

in Terminal,
su -
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
1. [add] PermitEmptyPasswords yes
2. :wq <Enter>
service sshd restart

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 Instructions for preparing a VirtualBox disk image from a SoaS iso image file.
 * (Taken from Dave Bauer's posting at http://schools.sugarlabs.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=27.)
-* Updated 21 May 2010 with [http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads VirtualBox 3.2.0] and 64-bit Fedora.
+* Updated 09 June 2010 with [http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads VirtualBox 3.2.4] and 32-bit Fedora.
 ==Installing SoaS .iso image==
 # Create a new VM, choose a name, such as Mirabelle
-# Choose Linux for the Operating System and Version Fedora (64 bit)
+# Choose Linux for the Operating System and Version Fedora (use 64 bit, if available)
 # Choose Base Memory Size: 256 MB to match an XO-1, 512 or 1024 MB to match an XO-1.5
 # Create a new virtual hard disk image with dynamically expanding storage of 2 GB
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 # Open Terminal.
 # su -
-# parted /dev/sda
+# parted
 # mklabel msdos
 #: This makes a partition table.
 # mkpart primary ext2 0 2048
+#: You will receive this message:<br>Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.<br>Ignore/Cancel?
+#: Enter (I)gnore
 # toggle 1 boot
 # quit
@@ Line 26: / Line 28: @@
 # /LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk --overlay-size-mb 200 --home-size-mb 200 --delete-home --unencrypted-home /dev/live /dev/sda1<br>(for earlier versions of SoaS
 #: Blueberry - use /media/soas-2-blueberry/LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk<br>Strawberry - use /mnt/live/LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk)
-#* the --overlay-size-mb NNN and --home-size-mb NNN options creates space for persistence of changes on the disk; otherwise, a liveOS disk is read-only. See [[LiveOS image]].
+<ul>
-#: <br>The following optional parameters seem to be incompatible with soas-1-strawberry and soas-2-blueberry released versions.  (The script completes successfully, but the virtual machine startup process has trouble finding the home directory and fails to complete.)
+{{Show|<Terminal log>
-#* the --home-size-mb NNN option creates space for saving the /home/liveuser folder if you want to update the OS image while keeping the user files.  (In this case, skip the new disk creation and parted steps and leave out the --home-size-mb NNN option at this step and continue on.)
+|<pre>
-#* the --unencrypted-home option prevents password protection and encryption on the /home/liveuser folder. This releaves the overhead on the compressed squashfs and should be more robust to file system failures (outside of security).
+[root@localhost ~]# parted
-#* the --delete-home option is used to avoid an error message while requesting both a new home (with --home-size-mb) and a persistent home (with--unencrypted-home).  You wouldn't use this option on an upgrade.
+GNU Parted 2.1
-# shutdown -h now
+Using /dev/sda
+Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
+(parted) mklabel msdos
+(parted) mkpart primary ext2 0 2048
+Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
+Ignore/Cancel? I
+(parted) toggle 1 boot
+(parted) quit
+Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
+[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs /dev/sda1
+mke2fs 1.41.10 (10-Feb-2009)
+Filesystem label=
+OS type: Linux
+Block size=4096 (log=2)
+Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
+Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
+inodes, 500000 blocks
+blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
+First data block=0
+Maximum filesystem blocks=515899392
+block groups
+blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
+inodes per group
+Superblock backups stored on blocks:
+, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
+Writing inode tables: done
+Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
+This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or
+days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
+[root@localhost ~]# /LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk --overlay-size-mb 200 --home-size-mb 200 --delete-home --unencrypted-home /dev/live /dev/sda1
+Verifying image...
+/dev/sr0:   0ce28e3947106fd37bab9317abf09938
+Fragment sums: a3c6e5fd5fba11d2b4da71771e8732b63bcb62b841971f7f39ab5c187f64
+Fragment count: 20
+Checking: 100.0%
+The media check is complete, the result is: PASS.
+It is OK to use this media.
+Copying live image to USB stick
+Updating boot config file
+Initializing persistent overlay file
++0 records in
++0 records out
+bytes (0 B) copied, 0.000150187 s, 0.0 kB/s
+Initializing persistent /home
++0 records in
++0 records out
+bytes (0 B) copied, 0.0039562 s, 0.0 kB/s
+Formatting unencrypted /home
+mke2fs 1.41.10 (10-Feb-2009)
+Filesystem label=
+OS type: Linux
+Block size=1024 (log=0)
+Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
+Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
+inodes, 204800 blocks
+blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
+First data block=1
+Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008
+block groups
+blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
+inodes per group
+Superblock backups stored on blocks:
+, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
+Writing inode tables: done
+Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
+Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
+This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
+days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
+tune2fs 1.41.10 (10-Feb-2009)
+Setting maximal mount count to -1
+Setting interval between checks to 0 seconds
+Installing boot loader
+/media/usbdev.XB8shz/syslinux is device /dev/sda1
+USB stick set up as live image!
+</pre>}}
+* the --overlay-size-mb NNN and --home-size-mb NNN options creates space for persistence of changes on the disk; otherwise, a liveOS disk is read-only. See [[LiveOS image]].
+: <br>The following optional parameters seem to be incompatible with soas-1-strawberry and soas-2-blueberry released versions.  (The script completes successfully, but the virtual machine startup process has trouble finding the home directory and fails to complete.)
+* the --home-size-mb NNN option creates space for file storage in the /home/liveuser folder.  (In the case where you you want to update the LiveOS image while keeping the user files, skip the new disk creation and parted steps, leave out the --home-size-mb NNN option at this step, and continue on.)
+* the --unencrypted-home option prevents password protection and encryption on the /home/liveuser folder. This releaves the overhead on the compressed [[wikipedia:SquashFS|SquashFS]], and should be more robust to file system failures (outside of security).
+* the --delete-home option is used to avoid an error message while requesting both a new home (with --home-size-mb) and a persistent home (with --unencrypted-home).  (You wouldn't use this option for the LiveOS upgrade case.)
+</ul>
+<ol start=20>
+<li> shutdown -h now</li>
+</ol>
 ==Installing VirtualBox Guest Additions==
-# Unmount CDROM in VirtualBox settings
+# Unmount CD/DVD in VirtualBox settings, select 'Empty' for the CD/DVD device under 'Attributes'
-# Mount VBoxGuestAdditions.iso in its place.
+# Start the virtual machine
-# Boot VM
 # Open Terminal
 # su -
@@ Line 41: / Line 132: @@
 #: (Other dependencies will be called into the installation.)
-<div class="NavFrame collapsed">
+{{Show|<Terminal log from 09 June 2010>
-<div class="NavHead">
+|<pre>
-<yum.log from 21 May 2010:> </div>
+[root@localhost ~]# yum install dkms gcc
-<div class="NavContent">
-<pre>
-[root@localhost ~]# yum install dkms gcc make
 Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekit
 fedora/metalink                                                           |  13 kB     00:00