Difference between revisions of "VirtualBox/Preparing a disk image"

Revision as of 18:30, 16 August 2010

Instructions for preparing a VirtualBox disk image from a SoaS iso image file.

(Taken from Dave Bauer's posting at http://schools.sugarlabs.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=27.)
Updated 16 August 2010 with VirtualBox 3.2.8 and 32-bit Fedora.

Installing SoaS .iso image

Create a new VM, choose a name, such as Mirabelle
Choose Linux for the Operating System and Version Fedora (use 64 bit, if available)
Choose Base Memory Size: 256 MB to match an XO-1, 512 or 1024 MB to match an XO-1.5
Create a new virtual hard disk image with dynamically expanding storage of 2 GB
Finish.
Download the lastest SoaS, http://spins.fedoraproject.org/soas/#downloads, for Fedora 13.
Mount the SoaS .iso image file as a CD-ROM in the newly created VM.
Change the Network Attached to: Bridged Adapter (This allows for networking with the host computer.)
Start the VM
Enter an account name and startup Sugar.
Open Terminal.
su -
parted
mklabel msdos
This makes a partition table.
mkpart primary ext2 0 2048
You will receive this message:
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel?

Enter (I)gnore
toggle 1 boot
quit
mke2fs /dev/sda1
/LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk --overlay-size-mb 1024 --home-size-mb 200 --delete-home --unencrypted-home /dev/live /dev/sda1
(for earlier versions of SoaS
Blueberry - use /media/soas-2-blueberry/LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk
Strawberry - use /mnt/live/LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk)

[root@localhost ~]# parted
GNU Parted 2.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel msdos                                                    
(parted) mkpart primary ext2 0 2048
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? I                                                          
(parted) toggle 1 boot                                                    
(parted) quit                                                             
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.                           

[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs /dev/sda1
mke2fs 1.41.10 (10-Feb-2009)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
125184 inodes, 500000 blocks
25000 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=515899392
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7824 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done                            
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# /LiveOS/livecd-iso-to-disk --overlay-size-mb 1024 --home-size-mb 200 --delete-home --unencrypted-home /dev/live /dev/sda1
Verifying image...
/dev/sr0:   0ce28e3947106fd37bab9317abf09938
Fragment sums: a3c6e5fd5fba11d2b4da71771e8732b63bcb62b841971f7f39ab5c187f64
Fragment count: 20
Checking: 100.0%

The media check is complete, the result is: PASS.

It is OK to use this media.
Copying live image to USB stick
Updating boot config file
Initializing persistent overlay file
0+0 records in
0+0 records out
0 bytes (0 B) copied, 0.000150187 s, 0.0 kB/s
Initializing persistent /home
0+0 records in
0+0 records out
0 bytes (0 B) copied, 0.0039562 s, 0.0 kB/s
Formatting unencrypted /home
mke2fs 1.41.10 (10-Feb-2009)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
51200 inodes, 204800 blocks
10240 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008
25 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
tune2fs 1.41.10 (10-Feb-2009)
Setting maximal mount count to -1
Setting interval between checks to 0 seconds
Installing boot loader
/media/usbdev.XB8shz/syslinux is device /dev/sda1
USB stick set up as live image!

the --overlay-size-mb NNN and --home-size-mb NNN options creates space for persistence of changes on the disk; otherwise, a liveOS disk is read-only. See LiveOS image.

The following optional parameters seem to be incompatible with soas-1-strawberry and soas-2-blueberry released versions. (The script completes successfully, but the virtual machine startup process has trouble finding the home directory and fails to complete.)

the --home-size-mb NNN option creates space for file storage in the /home/liveuser folder. (In the case where you you want to update the LiveOS image while keeping the user files, skip the new disk creation and parted steps, leave out the --home-size-mb NNN option at this step, and continue on.)
the --unencrypted-home option prevents password protection and encryption on the /home/liveuser folder. This releaves the overhead on the compressed SquashFS, and should be more robust to file system failures (outside of security).
the --delete-home option is used to avoid an error message while requesting both a new home (with --home-size-mb) and a persistent home (with --unencrypted-home). (You wouldn't use this option for the LiveOS upgrade case.)

shutdown -h now

Installing VirtualBox Guest Additions

The VirtualBox Guest Additions requires installing DKMS and compiling virtual device drivers for the Linux kernel.

Unmount CD/DVD in VirtualBox settings, select 'Empty' for the CD/DVD device under 'Attributes'
Start the virtual machine
Open Terminal
su -

Determine the kernel version,
uname -a

Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.33.3-85.fc13.i686 #1 SMP Thu May 6 18:44:12 UTC 2010 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

For SoaS-Mirabelle, the kernel is Linux-2.6.33.3-85.fc13, so specific kernel-headers and kernel-devel are needed:

yum install kernel-headers-2.6.33.3-85.fc13 kernel-devel-2.6.33.3-85.fc13 dkms gcc

(Other dependencies will be called into the installation.)

[root@localhost ~]# yum install kernel-devel-2.6.33.3-85.fc13 kernel-headers-2.6.33.3-85.fc13 dkms gcc
Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekit
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dkms.noarch 0:2.1.0.1-1.fc12 set to be updated
---> Package gcc.i686 0:4.4.4-10.fc13 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.4.4-10.fc13 for package: gcc-4.4.4-10.fc13.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libgomp = 4.4.4-10.fc13 for package: gcc-4.4.4-10.fc13.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libgcc >= 4.4.4-10.fc13 for package: gcc-4.4.4-10.fc13.i686
--> Processing Dependency: cloog-ppl >= 0.15 for package: gcc-4.4.4-10.fc13.i686
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12 for package: gcc-4.4.4-10.fc13.i686
---> Package kernel-devel.i686 0:2.6.33.3-85.fc13 set to be installed
---> Package kernel-headers.i686 0:2.6.33.3-85.fc13 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cloog-ppl.i686 0:0.15.7-1.fc12 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libppl.so.7 for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.fc12.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libppl_c.so.2 for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.fc12.i686
---> Package cpp.i686 0:4.4.4-10.fc13 set to be updated
---> Package glibc-devel.i686 0:2.12-3 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.12-3 for package: glibc-devel-2.12-3.i686
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.12-3 for package: glibc-devel-2.12-3.i686
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.12-3.i686
---> Package libgcc.i686 0:4.4.4-10.fc13 set to be updated
---> Package libgomp.i686 0:4.4.4-10.fc13 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.12-1 for package: glibc-common-2.12-1.i686
---> Package glibc.i686 0:2.12-3 set to be updated
---> Package glibc-headers.i686 0:2.12-3 set to be updated
---> Package ppl.i686 0:0.10.2-10.fc12 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package glibc-common.i686 0:2.12-3 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=================================================================================================
 Package                  Arch             Version                       Repository         Size
=================================================================================================
Installing:
 dkms                     noarch           2.1.0.1-1.fc12                fedora             95 k
 gcc                      i686             4.4.4-10.fc13                 updates           8.1 M
 kernel-devel             i686             2.6.33.3-85.fc13              fedora            6.3 M
 kernel-headers           i686             2.6.33.3-85.fc13              fedora            760 k
Installing for dependencies:
 cloog-ppl                i686             0.15.7-1.fc12                 fedora             81 k
 cpp                      i686             4.4.4-10.fc13                 updates           3.4 M
 glibc-devel              i686             2.12-3                        updates           960 k
 glibc-headers            i686             2.12-3                        updates           599 k
 ppl                      i686             0.10.2-10.fc12                fedora            1.1 M
Updating for dependencies:
 glibc                    i686             2.12-3                        updates           4.3 M
 glibc-common             i686             2.12-3                        updates            14 M
 libgcc                   i686             4.4.4-10.fc13                 updates           103 k
 libgomp                  i686             4.4.4-10.fc13                 updates           109 k

Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================
Install       9 Package(s)
Upgrade       4 Package(s)

Total download size: 40 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Setting up and reading Presto delta metadata
updates/prestodelta                                                       |  87 kB     00:18     
fedora/prestodelta                                                        |  414 B     00:00     
Processing delta metadata
Package(s) data still to download: 40 M
(1/13): cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.fc12.i686.rpm                                  |  81 kB     00:06     
http://ftp.usf.edu/pub/fedora/linux/updates/13/i386/cpp-4.4.4-10.fc13.i686.rpm: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 200 : http://ftp.usf.edu/pub/fedora/linux/updates/13/i386/cpp-4.4.4-10.fc13.i686.rpm 
Trying other mirror.
(2/13): cpp-4.4.4-10.fc13.i686.rpm                                        | 3.4 MB     01:47     
(3/13): dkms-2.1.0.1-1.fc12.noarch.rpm                                    |  95 kB     00:09     
(4/13): gcc-4.4.4-10.fc13.i686.rpm                                        | 8.1 MB     04:06     
(5/13): glibc-2.12-3.i686.rpm                                             | 4.3 MB     01:50     
(6/13): glibc-common-2.12-3.i686.rpm                                      |  14 MB     04:43     
(7/13): glibc-devel-2.12-3.i686.rpm                                       | 960 kB     00:22     
(8/13): glibc-headers-2.12-3.i686.rpm                                     | 599 kB     00:15     
(9/13): kernel-devel-2.6.33.3-85.fc13.i686.rpm                            | 6.3 MB     03:25     
(10/13): kernel-headers-2.6.33.3-85.fc13.i686.rpm                         | 760 kB     00:24     
(11/13): libgcc-4.4.4-10.fc13.i686.rpm                                    | 103 kB     00:05     
(12/13): libgomp-4.4.4-10.fc13.i686.rpm                                   | 109 kB     00:04     
(13/13): ppl-0.10.2-10.fc12.i686.rpm                                      | 1.1 MB     00:26     
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                             32 kB/s |  40 MB     21:10     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing     : kernel-devel-2.6.33.3-85.fc13.i686                                       1/17 
  Installing     : kernel-headers-2.6.33.3-85.fc13.i686                                     2/17 
  Updating       : libgcc-4.4.4-10.fc13.i686                                                3/17 
  Installing     : dkms-2.1.0.1-1.fc12.noarch                                               4/17 
  Updating       : glibc-2.12-3.i686                                                        5/17 
  Updating       : glibc-common-2.12-3.i686                                                 6/17 
  Updating       : libgomp-4.4.4-10.fc13.i686                                               7/17 
  Installing     : ppl-0.10.2-10.fc12.i686                                                  8/17 
  Installing     : cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.fc12.i686                                             9/17 
  Installing     : cpp-4.4.4-10.fc13.i686                                                  10/17 
  Installing     : glibc-headers-2.12-3.i686                                               11/17 
  Installing     : glibc-devel-2.12-3.i686                                                 12/17 
  Installing     : gcc-4.4.4-10.fc13.i686                                                  13/17 
  Cleanup        : libgomp-4.4.4-2.fc13.i686                                               14/17 
  Cleanup        : glibc-common-2.12-1.i686                                                15/17 
  Cleanup        : glibc-2.12-1.i686                                                       16/17 
  Cleanup        : libgcc-4.4.4-2.fc13.i686                                                17/17 

Installed:
  dkms.noarch 0:2.1.0.1-1.fc12                   gcc.i686 0:4.4.4-10.fc13                        
  kernel-devel.i686 0:2.6.33.3-85.fc13           kernel-headers.i686 0:2.6.33.3-85.fc13          

Dependency Installed:
  cloog-ppl.i686 0:0.15.7-1.fc12     cpp.i686 0:4.4.4-10.fc13      glibc-devel.i686 0:2.12-3    
  glibc-headers.i686 0:2.12-3        ppl.i686 0:0.10.2-10.fc12    

Dependency Updated:
  glibc.i686 0:2.12-3              glibc-common.i686 0:2.12-3     libgcc.i686 0:4.4.4-10.fc13    
  libgomp.i686 0:4.4.4-10.fc13    

Complete!

In the VirtualBox Guest 'Devices Menu', select 'Install Guest Additions...'
mkdir /mnt/cdrom
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom/
cd /mnt/cdrom/
./VBoxLinuxAdditions-x86.run
- dmsetup status
  reveals that 953440/2097152 (512-byte sectors) or 448 MB of the 1024 MB overlay file has been consumed by the installation process
- If upgrading from one VirtualBox version to another, start with fresh virtual disks and machines built with the new versions to avoid breakage.
reboot

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom/
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/cdrom/
[root@localhost cdrom]# ./VBoxLinuxAdditions-x86.run 
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing VirtualBox 3.2.8 Guest Additions for Linux........
VirtualBox Guest Additions installer
Building the VirtualBox Guest Additions kernel modules
Building the main Guest Additions module                   [  OK  ]
Building the shared folder support module                  [  OK  ]
Building the OpenGL support module                         [  OK  ]
Doing non-kernel setup of the Guest Additions              [  OK  ]
Starting the VirtualBox Guest Additions                    [  OK  ]
Installing the Window System drivers
Installing X.Org Server 1.8 modules                        [  OK  ]
Setting up the Window System to use the Guest Additions    [  OK  ]
You may need to restart the hal service and the Window System (or just restart
the guest system) to enable the Guest Additions.

Installing graphics libraries and desktop services componen[  OK  ]

[root@localhost cdrom]# dmsetup status
live-osimg-min: 0 8388608 snapshot 2344/2344 24
live-rw: 0 8388608 snapshot 953440/2097152 3720

Configure Screen

If you want to match the 16 bpp XO screen and a particular display size, you may

Edit /etc/X11/xorg.conf to match the following section:
- 832x624 - matches default XO display proportions
- 1200x900 - XO reflective resolution

# VirtualBox generated configuration file
# based on /etc/X11/xorg.conf.

Section "Monitor"
  Identifier   "Monitor[0]"
  ModelName    "VirtualBox Virtual Output"
  VendorName   "Sun Microsystems Inc"
EndSection

Section "Device"
  BoardName    "VirtualBox Graphics"
  Driver       "vboxvideo"
  Identifier   "Device[0]"
  VendorName   "Sun Microsystems Inc"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
  Identifier   "Screen[0]"
  Device       "Device[0]"
  Monitor      "Monitor[0]"
  DefaultDepth 16
  SubSection "Display"
    Depth      16
    Modes      "832x624" "1200x900" "1024x768" "800x600"
  EndSubSection
EndSection

Clear user data

Finally,

Open Terminal
Terminal
rm -rf ~/.sugar (if distributing image)
su -
shutdown -h now
Now you can share the VDI file.

Backup discs

It would be wise to maintain a clone of your virtual disk image to restart if the working copy is damaged:

From host command line (Windows cmd, or Linux terminal) See VirtualBox Help section 8.14.
- VBoxManage clonehd <uuid>|<filename> <outputfile> [-format VDI|VMDK|VHD|RAW|<other>] [-remember]
Reclone any virtual hard disks you would like to archive.

SSH connections

To enable SSH communications, we need to permit no passwords in the ssh daemon configuration:

in Terminal,
su -
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
1. [add] PermitEmptyPasswords yes
2. :wq <Enter>
service sshd restart