Difference between revisions of "Activities/Turtle Art"

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'''Note:''' There are two inter-compatible programs: [http://activities.sugarlabs.org/en-US/sugar/addon/4298 Turtle Art] and [http://activities.sugarlabs.org/en-US/sugar/addon/4027 Turtle Blocks]. Turtle Art, which closely parallels the Java version of Turtle Art maintained by Brian Silverman, offers a small subset of the functionality of Turtle Blocks. '''Sugar users probably want to use Turtle Blocks rather than Turtle Art.''' (Also see [[Activities/Turtle Confusion|Turtle Confusion]], a collection of programming challenges designed by Barry Newell; as well as the [[Activities/TurtleFlags]], [[Activities/Tortuga de Mexico]] and [[Activities/Amazonas Tortuga]] variants.)
 
'''Note:''' There are two inter-compatible programs: [http://activities.sugarlabs.org/en-US/sugar/addon/4298 Turtle Art] and [http://activities.sugarlabs.org/en-US/sugar/addon/4027 Turtle Blocks]. Turtle Art, which closely parallels the Java version of Turtle Art maintained by Brian Silverman, offers a small subset of the functionality of Turtle Blocks. '''Sugar users probably want to use Turtle Blocks rather than Turtle Art.''' (Also see [[Activities/Turtle Confusion|Turtle Confusion]], a collection of programming challenges designed by Barry Newell; as well as the [[Activities/TurtleFlags]], [[Activities/Tortuga de Mexico]] and [[Activities/Amazonas Tortuga]] variants.)
  
−
Debian (and Ubuntu) users can install Turtle Blocks from a repository maintained by Alanjas:
+
Debian (and Ubuntu) users can install Turtle Blocks from a repository maintained by Alan Aguiar (https://launchpad.net/~alanjas/+archive/turtleblocks):
 
# sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alanjas/turtleblocks
 
# sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alanjas/turtleblocks
 
# sudo apt-get update
 
# sudo apt-get update

Revision as of 08:35, 12 May 2014

english | español | HowTo [ID# 92526] 

What is Turtle Blocks (AKA Turtle Art)

Turtle Blocks is an activity with a Logo-inspired graphical "turtle" that draws colorful art based on snap-together visual programming elements. Its "low floor" provides an easy entry point for beginners. It also has "high ceiling" programming features which will challenge the more adventurous student.

Where to get Turtle Blocks

http://activities.sugarlabs.org/en-US/sugar/addon/4027

Note: There are two inter-compatible programs: Turtle Art and Turtle Blocks. Turtle Art, which closely parallels the Java version of Turtle Art maintained by Brian Silverman, offers a small subset of the functionality of Turtle Blocks. Sugar users probably want to use Turtle Blocks rather than Turtle Art. (Also see Turtle Confusion, a collection of programming challenges designed by Barry Newell; as well as the Activities/TurtleFlags, Activities/Tortuga de Mexico and Activities/Amazonas Tortuga variants.)

Debian (and Ubuntu) users can install Turtle Blocks from a repository maintained by Alan Aguiar (https://launchpad.net/~alanjas/+archive/turtleblocks):

  1. sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alanjas/turtleblocks
  2. sudo apt-get update
  3. sudo apt-get install turtleblocks

Fedora users can do:

  1. sudo yum install turtleblocks
  2. sudo yum install sugar-turtleart

Getting Started

There are several Turtle Art manuals:

New-TA-Repeat-block.png

Start by clicking on (or dragging) blocks from the Turtle palette. Use multiple blocks to create drawings; as the turtle moves under your control, colorful lines are drawn.

You add blocks to your program by clicking on or dragging them from the palette to the main area. You can delete a block by dragging it back onto the palette. Click anywhere on a "stack" of blocks to start executing that stack or by clicking in the Rabbit (fast) , Turtle (slow) or Bug (debug) buttons Rabbitturtle.jpg on the Project Toolbar.

The basics

  • Basic turtle graphics: 'forward', 'back', 'arc', and 'right' blocks

  • The 'set color' block affects pen trails, fill and text

  • 'set pen size' block

  • 'pen up' and 'pen down'

Drawing shapes

  • Use the 'repeat' block to draw shapes

  • This can be generalised to n sided polygons, n is stored in 'box 1'

  • Use 'start fill' and 'end fill' to draw filled shapes

  • There's no limit

Displaying things

  • Use 'print' to display in the print window

  • 'show' block used to display at the turtle

  • 'show' an image or video

  • 'show' the camera output

  • 'show' plays sounds as well

  • 'print' and 'show' can display text or numbers including results of calculations

  • 'print' or 'show' mixed text and numbers, using '+'

  • Text to speech. Load the Python block with the inbuilt sample code speak.py

Boxes, Stacks and the Heap

(aka variables, subroutines and the stack)

  • Named variables: store a variable in 'box'

  • Named 'stacks' of blocks can be reused

  • When a new named stack is created, a new action block is added to the palette.

  • Collapse a 'stack' of blocks to save space

  • Store data in the first in last out heap using 'push' and 'pop'

  • Box names (and stack names) can be boxes, in this case (taken from the math-dice project), a one-dimensional array of 11 variables has been created.

Mathematics

  • Math operators including + - * / mod sqrt

  • Logical operations: flow control blocks accept >, <, =, and, not, or as input

  • Make pie charts [1]

  • Use Python functions, (accepts any of the time or math library functions)

  • Cartesian and polar coordinate grids

  • Centimeter coordinate grid (XO only)

Keyboard, mouse and sensor input

  • Reading the keyboard

  • Converting the keyboard output to a string

  • Entering a multi digit number, exits with the number in 'box 1', [[2]]

  • Load the Python block with the sample code push_mouse_event.py to read mouse events

  • Read the microphone

  • Read sensors plugged into the microphone socket [3]

Basic Blocks in Action

Turtle, Pen, Numbers, Flow, Boxes, Actions

Gary Stager has some more Turtle Art cards here.

Advanced Blocks in Action

Media, Sensors, Extras

Challenges

Wiki Page Status: DEPRECATED

Read at https://help.sugarlabs.org/turtleart_challenges.html

The source file has been moved to GitHub


Toolbars

Main Toolbar

TAmain.png

From left to right:

  • Activity toolbar (includes sharing; saving/loading options);
  • Edit toolbar (including copy and paste);
  • View toolbar (including full-screen, coordinate overlays; turtle status, etc.);
  • Palette toolbar (including all programming blocks);
  • erase canvas;
  • run project fast (rabbit);
  • run project slow (snail);
  • hide blocks (This button is replaced by the stop button when the project is running);
  • help;
  • load examples;
  • stop activity
Note
Keyboard short cuts for the above: Alt+ palette; blocks; run; walk; stop; erase; e.g., Alt+e will erase the screen. Esc will return from full-screen mode.
Note
The run buttons are tied to the Start Block. If no Start Block is used, then all blocks are run when either run button is clicked.
Note
The "rabbit" button runs the blocks at maximum speed. The "snail" button pauses and displays the turtle and block values between each step.
Note
The Show-blocks.svg button, which is replaced by the Stop button on the main toolbar while the program is executing, is used to reveal the program blocks. Individual palettes can be hidden by clicking on their highlighted tab.
Note
On older versions of Sugar (e.g., 0.84), the main toolbar will look like this:

TA0.84.png

Project Toolbar

TurtleBlocks Toolbar 1.png

From left to right:

  • Project title;
  • Write to Journal (on newer versions of Sugar)
  • Keep button (not shown; only appears on older Sugar systems)
  • Share button;
  • Share blocks button used to share stacks of blocks between collaborators (shown in inactive state);
  • Save palette button (shows save options; see below);
  • Load palette button (shows load options; see below)
Note
On older Sugar systems, these controls appear on the Import/Export toolbar.
Note
To share a stack, click on the share button. The cursor will change to the hand shape Ta-hand-cursor.png. Place the cursor on any block or stack of blocks and click. The blocks will be shared and the cursor will change back to the arrow shape.

TurtleBlocks Toolbar 1a.png

TurtleBlocks Toolbar 1b.png

Edit Toolbar

TurtleBlocks Toolbar 2.png

The Edit toolbar is used to copy stacks of blocks to the clipboard and to paste stacks from the clipboard. To copy a stack, click on the copy button or type Ctrl-c. The cursor will change to the hand shape Ta-hand-cursor.png. Place the cursor on any block or stack of blocks and click. The blocks will be copied to the Sugar clipboard and the cursor will change back to the arrow shape. To paste from the clipboard, type Ctrl-v or click the paste button.

From left to right:

  • Copy;
  • Paste;
  • Undo (Restore blocks from trash);
  • Save stack to custom palette (use the hand cursor to select a stack to save, the stack of blocks must start with an "action" block);
  • Remove stack from custom palette (use the hand cursor to select a stack on the custom palette to delete)
Note
After save stack: To show the custom palette or see new stacks it is necessary to restart TurtleBlocks

View Toolbar

TurtleBlocks Toolbar 4.png

From left to right:

  • Full-screen button;
  • Cartesian-coordinate grid;
  • polar-coordinate grid;
  • not shown: centimeter-coordinate grid (XO-only);
  • Rescale-coordinates button (There are two modes: one pixel-based and one scaled from -20 to 20);
  • Grow block size;
  • Shrink block size
  • Disable/enable hover help
  • display of x,y coordinates, heading of turtle;

Palettes Toolbar

The palette menus are revealed by clicking on the Block icon on the main toolbar. (On older Sugar systems, select the Projects toolbar. When running Turtle Art from GNOME, the palettes are visible by default.)

TurtleBlocks Toolbar 5.png

There are ten palettes of program elements available for program construction: Turtle movements; Pen attributes; Color attributes; Numeric operators; Logical operators; Logical blocks; Sensor blocks; Media blocks; Customization functions; and Presentation blocks. An eleventh palette is used for restoring blocks from the trash.

Note
Additional palettes may be loaded by plugin extensions to Turtle Blocks.
Note
A custom palette is created if you use the 'save stack' button on the Edit toolbar.
Note
Blocks are dragged from the palette onto the canvas surface. To dispose of a block, drag it back onto the palette. (It will be placed onto the trash palette.)
Note
The palettes can be displayed horizontally or vertically (See below). Orientation is adjusted by clicking on the TAorientation0.svg and TAorientation1.svg buttons on the upper-left corner of the palette.
Note
The palette can be hidden by clicking on the TAhide.svg button on the lower-right corner of the palette.
Note
The next palette in the menu can be accessed by clicking on the TAnext.svg button on the upper-right corner of the palette.
Note
On smaller screens, a palette may not fit. It can be scrolled by clicking on the TAscroll.svg button.

Turtle Palette

TAturtle.png

These blocks are used to control the movements of the turtle.

  • forward: move turtle forward
  • back: move turtle backward
  • clean: clear the screen and position the turtle in the center of the screen, pen down, color red, heading 0
  • left: rotate turtle counterclockwise
  • right: rotate turtle clockwise
  • arc: move turtle along an arc
  • set xy: set turtle x,y position (0,0) is the center of the screen
  • seth: set turtle heading
  • xcor: holds current x-coordinate value of the turtle (can be used in place of a number block)
  • ycor: holds current y-coordinate value of the turtle (can be used in place of a number block)
  • heading: holds current heading value of the turtle (can be used in place of a number block)

Pen Palette

TApen.png

These blocks are used to control the attributes of the turtle's pen.

  • pen up: turtle will not draw when moved
  • pen down: turtle will draw when moved
  • set pen size: sets the width of the line drawn by the turtle
  • fill screen: fill the screen with a color/shade and reposition the turtle in the center of the screen
  • pen size: width of the line drawn by the turtle (can be used in place of a number block)
  • set color: sets the pen color
  • set shade: sets the pen shade
  • set gray: sets the gray-level of the pen (Only available in Turtle Blocks)
  • color: current pen color (can be used in place of a number block)
  • shade: current pen shade (can be used in place of a number block)
  • gray: current pen gray level (can be used in place of a number block) (Only available in Turtle Blocks)
  • start fill: starts a filled polygon (straight sides, not arcs)
  • end fill: ends a fill polygon (straight sides, not arcs)

Color Palette

TAcolors.png

These blocks can be used with the set-pen-color block in place of a number block.

Numbers Palette

TAnumbers.png

These blocks are arithmetic and boolean operators.

  • addition: adds two numeric inputs (also can be used to concatenate strings)
  • subtraction: subtracts the bottom numeric input from the top input
  • multiplication: multiplies two numeric inputs
  • division: divided top input (numerator) by bottom input (denominator)
  • identity: identity function (used for spacing blocks)
  • modulo (remainder): calculates remainder when dividing top input by the bottom input
  • square root (Only available with Turtle Blocks)
  • random number: generates a random integer between the minimum and maximum values
  • number block: a numeric input
  • greater than: boolean greater than operator (used with flow blocks)
  • less than: boolean less than operator (used with flow blocks)
  • equal to: boolean equal to operator (used with flow blocks)
  • not: boolean not (Only available with Turtle Blocks)
  • and: boolean and (Only available with Turtle Blocks)
  • or: boolean or (Only available with Turtle Blocks)

Flow Palette

TAflow.png

These blocks control program flow.

  • wait: pause program execution (unit is seconds)
  • forever: continuously repeat execute stack under the right flow
  • repeat: repeat the execution of stack under the right flow a specified number of times
  • if/then: conditional execution of the stack under the right flow (uses boolean operators found on the Number palette)
  • if/then/else: conditional execution of the stack under the center and right flows (uses boolean operators found on the Number palette)
  • vertical spacer
  • stop stack: interrupt execution
  • while: execute stack under right flow while the condition is true (uses boolean operators found on the Number palette) (Only available with Turtle Blocks)
  • until: execute stack under right flow until the condition is true (uses boolean operators found on the Number palette) (Only available with Turtle Blocks)

Note: Nesting while and/or until blocks is not always reliable. If you encounter an error, try putting the nested block in a separate stack, accessed with an action block.

Blocks Palette

TAblocks.png

These blocks are for defining variables and subroutines. Without actions

  • start: connects action to toolbar 'Run' button
  • store in: store a number, string, or media object in a named box
  • action: top of named action stack
  • action: execute named action stack

Note: When a named action or named box block are used, new blocks appear on the palette that correspond to these names; e.g., if a top of action stack is rename, "to square", an action block, "to square" is added to the palette.

TAblocks yes.png

Palette with additional actions and boxes created by the user.

Sensors Palette

TAsensors.png

  • query keyboard: check for keyboard input (results are stored in the keyboard block)
  • keyboard: current value of keyboard input (can be used in place of a number block)
  • read pixel: push the RGB value of the pixel under the turtle onto the FILO (blue is first, red is last)
  • turtle sees: the "palette color" of the pixel under the turtle
  • time: number of seconds since program began
  • sound: raw data from microphone ranging -32000 to 32000
  • volume (loudness): ranging 0 to 32000
  • pitch: the resolution is +-8Hz
  • brightness: average luminance seen through camera
  • button down: current state of the mouse button (1 == down; 0 == ip)
  • mouse x: x position of mouse
  • mouse y: y position of mouse

The OLPC XO can measure external inputs with its microphone jack:

  • resistance: measurement range is 750 to 14k ohms, (OLPC XO1) and 2k ohms to open circuit (OLPC XO1.5)
  • voltage: measurement range is DC 0.4V to 1.85V. (OLPC XO1) and 0.17V to 3.0V (OLPC XO1.5)

The OLPC XO 1.75 also includes an accelerometer.

  • accelerate (not shown): measure the acceleration of the computer. Results are pushed to the stack and can be retrieved by using 3 'pop' blocks (one for X (horizontal), one for Y (vertical), and one for Z (forward/backward))

See Activities/Turtle Art/Using Turtle Art Sensors for more details about the sensor blocks.

(Activities/Turtle Art/Uso de Tortuga Arte Sensores español)

Media Palette

TAmedia.png

These are a collection of blocks used for displaying media objects, such as images from the Journal.

  • journal: Sugar Journal media object (used with show block) (also available in Turtle Art)
  • audio: Sugar Journal media object (used with show block)
  • video: Sugar Journal media object (used with show block)
  • description: Sugar Journal description field (used with show block)
  • text: text string (used with show block; also used with box and action blocks)
  • show: draw text or display media object from the Journal
  • set scale: sets the scale of images displayed with show block
  • save picture: save the canvas to the Sugar Journal as a .png image (note: saves the canvas as displayed)
  • save SVG: save turtle graphics to the Sugar Journal as a .svg image (note: only saves the changes to the canvas in the current execution run)
  • scale: sets scale for show block (100% is full-screen)
  • media wait: used to pause program while audio or video file plays
  • media stop: stop current sound or video
  • media pause: pause current sound or video
  • media resume: resume playing paused media
  • speak: sends text to the voice synthesizer
  • sine wave: plays a sine wave of a given frequency, amplitude, and duration

Extras Palette

TAextras.png

These are a collection of extra blocks for accessing advanced features only available in Turtle Blocks.

  • push: push value onto FILO (first-in last-out) heap
  • show heap: show FILO in status block
  • empty heap: empty the FILO
  • pop: pop value off of the FILO (can be used in place of a number block)
  • print: print value in status block (also available in Turtle Art)
  • comment: program comment (displayed in "walk" mode)
  • chr: Python chr primitive: converts ASCII to character (useful for converting keyboard input to text)
  • int: Python int primitive: converts input to integers
  • Python: a programmable block (can be used in place of a number block)
add your own math equation in the block, e.g., sin(x); This block is expandable to support up to three variables, e.g. f(x,y,z)
  • Import Python: import Python code from the Sugar Journal (a more general-purpose programmable block). This block accepts a single variable x, as an input or up to 3 variables as an array x[0], x[1] and x[2]
  • Cartesian: display Cartesian coordinate grid overlay
  • polar: display polar coordinate grid overlay
  • turtle: specify which turtle is active
  • turtle shell: import a image from the Journal to use as the turtle's 'shell', i.e., replace the turtle with a sprite.
  • turtle x: Return x coordinates of turtle
  • turtle y: Return y coordinates of turtle
  • active turtle: the name of active turtle
  • turtle heading: Return heading of turtle
  • URL: gets a text string or image from a URL

Portfolio Palette

TAportfolio.png

These blocks are used to make multimedia presentations only available in Turtle Blocks.

  • hide blocks: hides all blocks and palettes (useful for decluttering the screen during presentations) (also available in Turtle Art)
  • show blocks: shows blocks and palettes (useful for resuming programming after a presentation)
  • full screen: goes into full-screen mode (hides Sugar toolbars)
  • list slide: used for bulleted lists; This block is expandable, allowing you to add as many bullets as you need
  • picture slides: used for picture slides (1×1, 2×2, 1×2, and 2×1)

Only available in Turtle Blocks:

  • left: holds current x-coordinate value of the left edge of the screen (can be used in place of a number block)
  • top: holds current y-coordinate value of the top edge of the screen (can be used in place of a number block)
  • right: holds current x-coordinate value of the right edge of the screen (can be used in place of a number block)
  • bottom: holds current y-coordinate value of the bottom edge of the screen (can be used in place of a number block)
  • width: screen width (can be used in place of a number block)
  • height: screen height (can be used in place of a number block)
Note: The slide blocks expand into stacks that can be edited for customized presentations.

User custom-stack palette

TAStack.png

The custom palette holds any blocks that have been saved with "Save Stack" option in Edit Toolbar. It lets you reuse stacks between projects. Blocks on this palette will expand into action stacks.

Note
This palette first appears after using the "Save stack" option on the Edit Toolbar.

Trash Palette

TAtrash.png

This palette holds any blocks that have been put in the trash. You can drag blocks out of the trash to restore them. The trash palette is emptied when you quit Turtle Art.

Vertical palettes

TAvertical.png

An example of a vertical palette. Vertical palettes are used by default on the OLPC XO laptops running older versions of Sugar.

Palettes en español

  • TAturtle-es.png
  • TApen-es.png
  • TAcolors-es.png
  • TAnumbers-es.png
  • TAflow-es.png
  • TAboxes-es.png
  • TAmedia-es.png
  • TAsensors-es.png
  • TAextras-es.png
  • TAstack-es.png
  • TAportfolio-es.png
  • TAtrash-es.png

Extras

Keyboard shortcuts

  • Ctrl+q quit (exit Turtle Art)
  • Alt+p show/hide the palettes
  • Alt+b show/hide the blocks
  • Alt+r run the 'start' stack rapidly
  • Alt+w run the 'start' stack slowly (and highlight blocks during execution)
  • Alt+s stop execution of the stack
  • Alt+e erase the screen
  • Esc return from full-screen mode
  • Ctrl+c copy a stack of blocks or text from a block
  • Ctrl+v paste a stack of blocks or text into a block
  • cursor (arrow) keys (or h j k l keys) move selected stack of blocks or turtle or move between toolbar items
  • Return (Enter) is used to run a stack of blocks or to select a toolbar item
  • space selects the next block (in the order in which they were added) (only in version 100+)

Note for OLPC-XO laptop users: the buttons on the display can also be used.

  • The left-hand buttons can be used to move a stack of blocks or turtle
  • o button runs the selected stack of blocks or returns the selected turtle to the home position (center of the screen)
  • × button deletes the selected stack of blocks
  • ✓ button runs the 'start' stack
  • ◽ button selects the next block (in the order in which they were added) (only in version 100+)

Copying and Pasting

Did you know that you can copy/paste stacks to/from the clipboard? You type Ctrl-C to copy whatever stack is under the cursor to the clipboard. Ctrl-V will paste from the clipboard onto whatever TA project you have open. Try pasting this code into your Turtle Art project. 

[[0, "clean", 258, 217, [12, 1]],
 [1, "repeat", 258, 251, [0, 2, 3, null]],
 [2, ["number", 36], 309, 251, [1, null]],
 [3, "repeat", 323, 311, [1, 4, 5, 9]],
 [4,  ["number", 4], 374, 311, [3, null]],
 [5, "forward", 388, 371, [3, 6, 7]],
 [6, ["number", 300], 459, 371, [5, null]],
 [7, "right", 388, 413, [5, 8, null]],
 [8, ["number", 90], 446, 413, [7, null]],
 [9, ["vspace", 20], 323, 389, [3, 10]],
 [10, "right", 323, 463, [9, 11, null]],
 [11, ["number", 10], 381, 463, [10, null]],
 [12, "start", 258, 175, [null, 0]]]

You can also paste text from the clipboard into text blocks.

Note: You can duplicate individual blocks with copy and paste, when duplicating a text block, deselect the text block after copying if you want to duplicate the block rather than duplicating the text within the block.

Speed

Turtle Art has three 'run' buttons:

  • The 'rabbit' button will run your program at full screen. Note: It will highlight blocks during execution, so your program will run much faster if you hide blocks.
  • The 'turtle' button will run your program with a slight delay between blocks. Block are highlighted as they are executed and block labels are updated with the current block values.
  • The 'debug' button will run your program with a longer delay between blocks. Block are highlighted as they are executed and block labels are updated with the current block values.

Sharing

Turtle Art supports a simple sharing model. Whomever joins a shared activity will share turtles with the other participants, e.g., whatever any turtle draws will appear on every screen. While sharing, you can also send stacks of blocks from one user to another. Share can consume a lot of network bandwidth, so it is not recommended to share among more than 2–3 people at a time if the screen is frequently changing. As with all Sugar activities, you can use the Share-with feature of the Journal to share your Turtle Art projects with others.

A simple application of Turle Art sharing is multimedia chat. Send text using the Show Block; voice using the Speak Block; and images using the Show Block. Lots of fun.

Note: Turtle Art will also share between Sugar and GNOME.

  • This (yellow) turtle drew a green star.

  • This (blue) turtle drew a blue square.

  • This (red) turtle drew a red circle.

  • A simple script to broadcast video by sharing.

Running Turtle Art outside of Sugar

TAGnome.png

Turtle Art can be run in the GNOME desktop outside of Sugar.

PC HARDWARE:

  • Download Turtle Art (as a *.xo archive)
  • Extract the TurtleArt.activity directory from the archive, eg drag it to the desktop
  • Open directory TurtleArt.activity
  • Run turtleart.py (run in terminal is better, you can see error messages there)

OLPC XO HARDWARE

  • The XO1.5 and later software builds for the XO1.0 allow switching between Gnome and Sugar desktops. The following assumes that Turtle Art is already installed in Sugar.
  • Switch to the Gnome desktop
  • open olpc's home on the desktop
  • open Activities
  • on later software builds, Activities is both hidden and locked, if so, check show hidden files to unhide, in terminal chmod 777 Activities to unlock
  • open TurtleArt.activity
  • run turtleblocks.py (run in terminal is better, you can see error messages there)

COMMAND LINE SWITCHES 

turtleblocks --help
	turtleblocks.py
	turtleblocks.py project.tb
	turtleblocks.py --output_png project.tb
	turtleblocks.py -o project
	turtleblocks.py --run project.tb
	turtleblocks.py -r project

Tutorials

General resources and guides

Turtle Art comes with many sample project. Below are additional examples created by community members.

Tutorial created at gci2012

Activities/TurtleArt/Tutorials/Turtle Art Tutorial gci2012

Activities/TurtleArt/Tutorials/Turtle Sensors Tutorial gci2012

Tony Forster's Blog

Tony Forster has written a number of blog posts about his experiments with Turtle Art:

An bringing it all together, the Turtle Art Oscilloscope.

Untitled.jpg

Tony has also used the programmable block to do file IO.

Video Tutorials

I know there are a few but they are not categorized on this page... we'll make that happen soon. Help would be appreciated.

A list of further video clips can be found here.

Mokurai's Tutorials

Mokurai has been working on how to teach Sugar by guided discovery, rather than by explicit direction, with only the necessary minimum of hints. At the same time, he has been working on Turtle Art examples to teach concepts of mathematics, programming, Computer Science, and physics, aiming where possible at presentations suitable for pre-literate pre-schoolers. Thus, no text, no formulas, no calculations. Those can come later in sequences on the same topics as children develop, including a transition from Turtle Art to Python, Logo, and Smalltalk, with options for other languages. However, it is necessary to provide texts, sometimes with formulas and calculations, for the teacher or parent helping the child. These will appear on Mokurai's Replacing Textbooks blog, available at PlanetSugarlabs, and will be incorporated into Open Education Resources on the Sugar Labs Replacing Textbooks server.

Topics

Planned topics

Primary school

Higher

At this level it is not necessary to use Turtle Art_to_introduce ideas. Nevertheless the ability to display a topic in Turtle Art demonstrates that it is of only a moderate level of complexity.

Galleries

Play with Turtle Art to draw colorful art patterns using a turtle that accepts instructions for movement.

With visual programming blocks, you can snap together programs by compiling (combining) them in ways to create anything you can imagine.


Graphics

Media

  • my elder cousin

  • putting images on a map

Maths

  • A clock activity

  • TAclock2.png
  • TAclock3.png
  • TAclock4.png

Tony Forster describes his "adventures" with on-the-fly definitions to create an analog clock in his blog.

Try any of the time or math library functions, e.g., 

localtime().tm_min 

sin(x) + sin(pi/2)

Sensors

Turtle Art supports sensor input:

  • Using a Hall-effect sensor, you can build a bike odometer in Turtle Art

  • sound paint Capturing mouse events and using audio to set the pen width

  • Reading data from multiple sensors (XO hardware only)

  • love speaks volumes A heart that beats according to sensor input

More ideas for sensors [[6]] [[7]]

Games

Turtle Art can be used to write games, such as a simple falling block game:

Presentations

  • Portfolio14.png
  • Portfolio13.png

Student work

Students from Caacupé have been sending me examples of their work:

  • Eduado Fabian Ayala Vargas

  • Johana Soeli Aquino

  • Ivan Silva

  • Rodrigo Nicolas Valdéz Bobadilla

  • Juan Pablo Espinola Carballo

  • Miguela

Just for fun

  • Q: How do I cast keyboard input to a string? A: Use chr().

  • Explicit approach.png
  • Approximation approach.png
  • RFID.png

Turtle Art Day 2013

More features

  • Cartesian and polar coordinate grids

  • Collapsible stack

  • Collapsed stack

  • Python function with one, two, or three variables

  • Expandable bullet list (two bullets)

  • Expandable bullet list (four bullets)

  • Enlarged blocks

  • Shrunken blocks

  • SVG output using the save SVG block

  • Multi-variable Python blocks

  • Turtle 'sees'

Presentations and Portfolios

A portfolio feature lets you use Turtle Art to create multimedia slide shows from material retrieved from your Journal. The basic idea is to import images (and eventually movies, audio, and text files) into slide templates, not unlike Powerpoint, and then show a presentation by stepping through them. The portfolio includes the typical major functions of presentation software: an editor that allows text to be inserted and formatted (this is largely incomplete), a method for inserting images (from the Journal), and a slide-show system to display the content. What makes it a bit different than tools such as Powerpoint is that you can program your slides using Turtle Art blocks. Turtle Art also has an export-to-HTML function so that presentations can be viewed outside of the Sugar environment. (These features have been merged into the main branch of Turtle Art.)

Background

In the era of high-stakes testing, we have the means to measure “which child knows more”; these data tell us about relative merit of the school in which a child is enrolled. The Turtle Art portfolio feature is an assessment tool that shows “what a child knows”; children become the curators of their own work. They advance their own learning and help their teachers, parents, and school administrators understand better the depth and breadth of what they have learned.

A recent article in the Chronicle of Higher Education claims:

  1. ePortfolios can integrate student learning in an expanded range of media, literacies, and viable intellectual work;
  2. ePortfolios enable students to link together diverse parts of their learning including the formal and informal curriculum;
  3. ePortfolios engage students with their learning;
  4. ePortfolios offer colleges a meaningful mechanism for accessing and organizing the evidence of student learning.

Turtle Art portfolios engage children in the process of reflecting on their work—what they have done, how they have done it, and how success these efforts have been—as they create a multimedia narrative to show their teachers, parents and peers what they have learned. Turtle Art Portfolio builds upon the journaling functionality of the Sugar learning platform, where every action or activity a child takes in the classroom is automatically recorded in a folder: (1) by enabling the child to select important learning achievements, be they in reading, writing, arithmetic, arts, music, physical education, history and social science, etc. Children answer questions such as “I chose this piece because...” (2) creating a multimedia narrative presentation from their selections (including audio voice-overs and video), reflective of the multiple ways in which children learn; and (3) sharing their presentation with classmates, both to celebrate what they have learned, but also to engage in a critical dialog about their work.

Turtle Art portfolio is innovative in three ways: (1) it builds upon a journal of *all* learning activities that is automatically collected; (2) it has unique programmability, fun and accessible to even the youngest elementary school children, but interesting and engaging to middle-school children as well; and (3) it has unique tools for both collaborating on the construction of the portfolio and its subsequent sharing with others.

Portfolios have been shown to be “a powerful means for children to assess their own work, set goals, and take responsibility for their future learning.” But portfolio assessment has seen limited applicability. It is a practical, engaging means to using portfolios. By building upon the automatic accumulation of work in journal (including a “screen capture” of their work) the portfolio process can readily be integrated into the classroom routine. Reflection becomes the norm: children are encouraged write in their journals (young children record audio notes) for a few minutes after *every* class. The numbing question, “what did you do in school today?” need no longer a necessary part of the parent-child dialog. Instead, the parent can talk to the child about actual artifacts.

Culling from the journal becomes part of the end-of-term assessment process. The process of telling one's story as a learning requires further reflection. At a “portfolio social”, parents are invited to view presentations and ask children about their learning; the child's voice is heard.

The classroom teacher can add addition assessment slides to the portfolio about themes such as work habits and personal growth, as part of an archive that travels with a child across grade levels. Through juxtaposition, the child and teacher can see what has changed over the course of the years, trends, and areas for improvement, Also, a classroom portfolio can be assembled as part of a teacher-assessment process.

Some additional background on ePortfolios can be found here:

Sharing a presentation

From version 106, pen trails, fill, show text and show images are shared with other laptops in a shared session. Screen erase is not shared. A slideshow can be broadcast to other laptops. Its simple, just these 2 blocks are required to broadcast a slide to all the laptops in the shared session.

Show-media.jpg

Use set scale to set image size. Full screen images take longer than smaller images. See below for using the keyboard to advance slides and other presentation ideas.

Quick Tutorial on using the portfolio features

  • Start by selecting a slide template from the palette. The templates will automatically expand into a stack.

  • Click on the Journal icon to initiate a search for slide content.

  • Select a journal object, such as an image, audio file, movie, or activity. A thumbnail will appear in the template.

  • The description field for the Journal object will automatically be loaded.

  • Once loaded, the slide stack can be labeled and collapsed.

  • Click on the slide template to view the slide. (Click on the Hide Blocks button on the View toolbar to hide any blocks that are covering your slide.)

  • Try using some of the other templates.

  • View them by clicking on them (you may want to use the Eraser button first).

  • You can program a simple slide show by making a stack: fullscreen; hide blocks; clear the screen; show Slide 1; wait; clear the screen; show Slide 2; wait; show blocks.

  • You can also program stacks for your slide decorations and slide transitions.

  • In this example, we draw a rule under the title of each slide.

  • Run your slide show by clicking on the Run Button on the Main toolbar.

  • In this example, we use keyboard input to transition between slides.

  • Using the f and b keys to advance or go back slides.

A video of the portfolio basics is available here.

A PDF of a Turtle Art portfolio presentation can be downloaded File:Desktop-Summit.pdf.

Turtle Art can export its projects to Berkeley Logo (using either View Source or the Save as Logo button on the Project Toolbar) You can download the Berkeley Logo activity here.

  • A Turtle Art project

  • The UCB Logo version (see "Internals" below)

Logo code generated from your project is viewable in the View Source panel in some versions of Turtle Art, but as of v100, the Turtle Art project itself is shown instead.

  • Turtle Art code

  • View Source menu

  • Logo code

Note: The Save-as-Logo button saves to the Journal as "logosession.lg". UCB Logo does not yet access the Journal directly, so it is necessary to copy the project out of the Journal using the "copy-from-journal" command in the Terminal Activity and then accessing the project using the File menu within the UCB Logo Activity. 

copy-from-journal logosession.lg

Alternatively, you can open the logosession in 'Write', copy the Logo code to the clipboard, and then paste it into the UCB Logo Activity.

Shown here is the Logo code generated from the Turtle Art project shown above.

Firstly the Logo code contains procedures for setting up the palette and the shade functionality: 

to tasetpalette :i :r :g :b :myshade
make "s ((:myshade - 50) / 50)
ifelse lessp :s 0 [
make "s (1 + (:s *0.8))
make "r (:r * :s) 
make "g (:g * :s) 
make "b (:b * :s)
] [
make "s (:s * 0.9)
make "r (:r + ((100-:r) * :s)) 
make "g (:g + ((100-:g) * :s)) 
make "b (:b + ((100-:b) * :s))
]
setpalette :i (list :r :g :b)
end

to rgb :myi :mycolors :myshade
make "myr first :mycolors
make "mycolors butfirst :mycolors
make "myg first :mycolors
make "mycolors butfirst :mycolors
make "myb first :mycolors
make "mycolors butfirst :mycolors
tasetpalette :myi :myr :myg :myb :myshade
output :mycolors
end

to processcolor :mycolors :myshade
if emptyp :mycolors [stop]
make "i :i + 1
processcolor (rgb :i :mycolors :myshade) :myshade
end

to tasetshade :shade
make "myshade modulo :shade 200
if greaterp :myshade 99 [make "myshade (199-:myshade)]
make "i 7
make "mycolors :colors 
processcolor :mycolors :myshade
end

to tasetpencolor :c
make "color modulo round :c 100
setpencolor :color + 8
end

make "colors [
100 0 0 100 5 0 100 10 0 100 15 0 100 20 0 100 25 0 100 30 0 100 35 0 100 40 0 100 45 0 
100 50 0 100 55 0 100 60 0 100 65 0 100 70 0 100 75 0 100 80 0 100 85 0 100 90 0 100 95 0 
100 100 0 90 100 0 80 100 0 70 100 0 60 100 0 50 100 0 40 100 0 30 100 0 20 100 0 10 100 0 
0 100 0 0 100 5 0 100 10 0 100 15 0 100 20 0 100 25 0 100 30 0 100 35 0 100 40 0 100 45 
0 100 50 0 100 55 0 100 60 0 100 65 0 100 70 0 100 75 0 100 80 0 100 85 0 100 90 0 100 95 
0 100 100 0 95 100 0 90 100 0 85 100 0 80 100 0 75 100 0 70 100 0 65 100 0 60 100 0 55 100 
0 50 100 0 45 100 0 40 100 0 35 100 0 30 100 0 25 100 0 20 100 0 15 100 0 10 100 0 5 100 
0 0 100 5 0 100 10 0 100 15 0 100 20 0 100 25 0 100 30 0 100 35 0 100 40 0 100 45 0 100 
50 0 100 55 0 100 60 0 100 65 0 100 70 0 100 75 0 100 80 0 100 85 0 100 90 0 100 95 0 100 
100 0 100 100 0 90 100 0 80 100 0 70 100 0 60 100 0 50 100 0 40 100 0 30 100 0 20 100 0 10]
make "shade 50
tasetshade :shade

to tasetbackground :color :shade
tasetshade :shade
setbackground :color + 8
end

Then the Logo code contains the project: 

to ta
clearscreen tasetbackground 21 100 setpensize 25.0 make "box1 0.0 
repeat 300.0 [ tasetpencolor xcor / 6.0 tasetshade heading forward :box1 right 91.0 make "box1 :box1 + 1.0 ] 
end

ta

Programmable Brick

The following feature—a block Pythoncodeblock.jpg that can be programmed by the Pippy activity—is available in versions 44+ of Turtle Art.

Version 44 to 103

A copy of the tamyblock.py module is stored in the Journal when you first launch Turtle Art. All the sample modules are in this one file but all except one are commented out with #

You can edit the tamyblock.py module in Pippy. Then load the Python code into the Python block using the Pippy button on the Project toolbar. TAPippyButton.svg You can only have one type of Python block in your Turtle Art program.


TA-pippy.png

Another way to load the Python block, is to click the Python code block Pythoncodeblock.jpg found on the the Extras palette.

Version 104 onwards

There are two ways to create Python blocks: by loading sample code provided with Turtle Art or by loading Python code the your Journal.

loading sample code

A number of individual sample programs are provided. Clicking on the Load Python Block button on the Load/Save Toolbar Loadpythonsamples.jpg will invoke a file-selector dialog. Select the sample that you want and it will be both copied to the Journal and loaded into a Python block.

Pythonsampleselector.jpg

loading code from the Journal

Clicking on a Python block Pythoncodeblock.jpg that has been dragged onto the canvas from the Extras palette will invoke an object-selector dialog.

Pythonobjectselector.jpg

Select the Python code that that you want and that code will be loaded into the selected block.

You can't run a Python block by clicking on it, as that opens the object selector; instead attach the block to another one and click elsewhere on the stack you have created.

Which ever way you create them, multiple Python blocks can have different code loaded in them.

Sample code

TA-dotted-line.png 

def myblock(tw, line_length):
    ''' Draw a dotted line of length line_length. '''
    try:  # make sure line_length is a number
        line_length = float(line_length)
    except ValueError:
        return
    if tw.canvas.pendown:
        dist = 0
        while dist + tw.canvas.pensize < line_length:  # repeat drawing dots
            tw.canvas.setpen(True)
            tw.canvas.forward(1)
            tw.canvas.setpen(False)
            tw.canvas.forward((tw.canvas.pensize * 2) - 1)
            dist += (tw.canvas.pensize * 2)
        # make sure we have moved exactly line_length
        tw.canvas.forward(line_length - dist)
        tw.canvas.setpen(True)
    else:
        tw.canvas.forward(line_length)
    return

You can pass a list of up to three arguments to tamyblock.py as in the example below that converts the input to an rgb value.

TA-rgb.png 

def myblock(tw, rgb_array):
    ''' Set rgb color from values '''
    tw.canvas.fgrgb = [(int(rgb_array[0]) % 256),
                       (int(rgb_array[1]) % 256),
                       (int(rgb_array[2]) % 256)]

def myblock(tw, x):
   ###########################################################################
   #
   # Push an uppercase version of a string onto the heap.
   # Use a 'pop' block to use the new string.
   #
   ###########################################################################
   if type(x) != str:
       X = str(x).upper()
   else:
       X = x.upper()
   tw.lc.heap.append(X)
   return

def myblock(tw, x):
   ###########################################################################
   #
   # Push hours, minutes, seconds onto the FILO.
   # Use three 'pop' blocks to retrieve these values.
   # Note: because we use a FILO (first in, last out heap),
   # the first value you will pop will be seconds.
   #
   ###########################################################################
   tw.lc.heap.append(localtime().tm_hour)
   tw.lc.heap.append(localtime().tm_min)
   tw.lc.heap.append(localtime().tm_sec)
   return

def myblock(tw, x):
   ###########################################################################
   #
   # Add a third dimension (gray) to the color model.
   #
   ###########################################################################
   val = 0.3 * tw.rgb[0] + 0.6 * tw.rgb[1] + 0.1 * tw.rgb[2]
   if x != 100:
       x = int(x)%100
   r = int((val*(100-x) + tw.rgb[0]*x)/100)
   g = int((val*(100-x) + tw.rgb[1]*x)/100)
   b = int((val*(100-x) + tw.rgb[2]*x)/100)
   # reallocate current color
   rgb = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (r,g,b)
   tw.fgcolor = tw.canvas.cm.alloc_color(rgb)
   return

def myblock(tw, x):
   ###########################################################################
   #
   # Save an image named x to the Sugar Journal.
   #
   ###########################################################################
   tw.save_as_image(str(x))
   return

def myblock(tw, x): 

   ###########################################################################
   #
   # Push mouse event to stack
   #
   ###########################################################################
   if tw.mouse_flag == 1:
       # push y first so x will be popped first
       tw.lc.heap.append((tw.canvas.height / 2) - tw.mouse_y)
       tw.lc.heap.append(tw.mouse_x - (tw.canvas.width / 2))
       tw.lc.heap.append(1) # mouse event
       tw.mouse_flag = 0
   else:
       tw.lc.heap.append(0) # no mouse event

Device I/O

This Python block returns with the brightness sensor value in the heap. A range of parameters can be measured, for example, substitute any of the path strings in the table for the 'device' in the program below.


device path notes
battery current /sys/devices/platform/olpc-battery.0/power_supply/olpc-battery/current_now OLPC XO
battery voltage /sys/devices/platform/olpc-battery.0/power_supply/olpc-battery/voltage_now OLPC XO
screen brightness /sys/devices/platform/dcon/backlight/dcon-bl/actual_brightness OLPC XO
accelerometer /sys/devices/platform/lis3lv02d/position OLPC XO 1.75, 3.0
light sensor /sys/devices/platform/olpc-ols.0/level OLPC XO 1.75, 3.0
screen mode /sys/devices/platform/dcon/monochrome OLPC XO 1.75, 3.0
charging /sys/devices/platform/olpc-battery.0/power_supply/olpc-ac/online OLPC XO
clock date /sys/devices/platform/pxa2xx-i2c.1/i2c-1/1-0068/rtc/rtc0/date OLPC XO 1.75
clock time /sys/devices/platform/pxa2xx-i2c.1/i2c-1/1-0068/rtc/rtc0/time OLPC XO 1.75
cpu temperature /sys/devices/platform/via_cputemp.0/temp1_input OLPC XO 1.5 


def myblock(tw, x):  # ignores second argument
   import os
  
   # The light sensor is only available on the XO 1.75
   device = '/sys/devices/platform/olpc-ols.0/level'
   
   if os.path.exists(device):
       fh = open(device)
       string = fh.read()
       fh.close()
       tw.lc.heap.append(float(string))  # append as float value to heap
   else:
       tw.lc.heap.append(-1)

Look in /sys/devices on your computer to find other devices you may be able to access.

You can also read events in /dev/input . Use the od (octal dump) command to inspect these events, eg 

sudo od /dev/input/event0

You can access the following events on the X0-1.75, (some on X0-1.0 -1.5)

  • accelerometer: /dev/input/event0 ???
  • power button: /dev/input/event1
  • lid switch: /dev/input/event2
  • ebook: /dev/input/event3 (XO-1.75) event4 (XO-1.0 - 1.5)
  • headphone jack: /dev/input/event7
  • microphone jack: /dev/input/event8
  • rotate, cursor, and game pad keys: /dev/input/event10 (XO-1.75) event6 (XO-1.0 - 1.5)
  • mouse : /dev/input/mice


For example, the code below waits till the ebook switch state changes and pushes the status to the heap 

def myblock(tw, x):  # ignores second argument
  
  import os
  devicestr='/dev/input/event3'              #the ebook switch
  cmd='sudo chmod 777 {!s}'.format(devicestr)
  os.system(cmd)                             #caution! changing system file permissions
  fd = open(devicestr, 'rb')
  for x in range(12):
     fd.read(1)                              #does not return till the switch state changes
  tw.lc.heap.append( ord(fd.read(1)))        #push ebook switch state to heap
  fd.close

Understanding the structure of the Turtle Art program

Turtle Art offers two blocks for adding Python code,

  • the Python function block Pythonfunctionblock.jpg adds a single line of code,
  • the Python code block Pythoncodeblock.jpg supports multi-line code.

Python function block

The Python function block is processed through tajail.py. For security reasons, it cannot access Turtle Art objects. It can it only access the Python language and the time and math libraries as the following extract from tajail.py shows. 

from time import *
from math import *

For more information on allowable syntax for this block:

Python code block

Turtle Art is created in object oriented Python code. This is based around the definition of classes and the creation of object(s) which are instance(s) of that class. These objects then have properties and methods which are defined by their class.

See http://docs.python.org/tutorial/classes.html for a description of classes in Python.

See the file TurtleArtActivity.py. This is where it starts. When an instance of TurtleArtActivity is created, setup_canvas() creates an instance of TurtleArtWindow: self.tw This instance of TurtleArtWindow creates an instance of LogoCode: self.tw.lc and an instance of TurtleGraphics: self.tw.canvas

tamyblock.py gets passed a LogoCode instance, lc, and everything is relative to that instance. tw is passed to lc and set as an instance data object at init. This allows referral back to tw when needed. Consequently, Class TurtleArtWindow is accessed through lc.tw. and Class TurtleGraphics is accessed through lc.tw.canvas


Class Defined in Instance Created in
TurtleArtActivity TurtleArtActivity.py inherits from sugar.activity
TurtleArtWindow tawindow.py tw TurtleArtActivity.py
LogoCode talogo.py lc tawindow.py
TurtleGraphics tacanvas.py canvas tawindow.py
Turtles, Turtle taturtle.py turtles tawindow.py, tacanvas.py
Blocks, Block tablock.py block_list tawindow.py

Class TurtleArtWindow – useful properties and methods (from within tamyblock.py, lc.tw is the class instance)

Methods and data attributes Example Notes
set_fullscreen(self) lc.tw.set_fullscreen() Hides the Sugar toolbar
set_cartesian(self, flag) lc.tw.set_cartesian(True) True will make the overlay visible; False will make it invisible
set_polar(self, flag) lc.tw.set_polar(True) True will make the overlay visible; False will make it invisible
hideshow_button(self, flag) lc.tw.hideshow_button() Toggles visibility of blocks and palettes
self.active_turtle lc.tw.active_turtle The active turtle instance

Class TurtleGraphics – useful properties and methods (from within tamyblock.py, lc.tw.canvas is the class instance)

Methods and data attributes Example Notes
clearscreen(self) lc.tw.canvas.clearscreen() Clears the screen and resets all turtle and pen attributes to default values
setpen(self, flag) lc.tw.canvas.setpen(True) True will set the pen "down", enabling drawing; False will set the pen "up"
forward(self, n) lc.tw.canvas.forward(100) Move the turtle forward 100 units
arc(self, a, r) lc.tw.canvas.arc(120, 50) Move the turtle along an arc of 120 degrees (clockwise) and radius of 50 units
setheading(self, a) lc.tw.canvas.setheading(180) Set the turtle heading to 180 (towards the bottom of the screen)
self.heading lc.tw.canvas.heading The current heading
setpensize(self, n) lc.tw.canvas.setpensize(25) Set the turtle pensize to 25 units
self.pensize lc.tw.canvas.pensize The current pensize
setcolor(self, c) lc.tw.canvas.color(70) Set the pen color to 70 (blue)
self.color lc.tw.canvas.color The current pen color
setshade(self, s) lc.tw.canvas.shade(50) Set the pen shade to 50
self.shade lc.tw.canvas.shade The current pen shade
fillscreen(self, c, s) lc.tw.canvas.fillscreen(70, 90) Fill the screen with color 70, shade 90 (light blue)
setxy(self, x, y) lc.tw.canvas.setxy(100,100) Move the turtle to position (100, 100)
self.xcor lc.tw.canvas.xcor The current x coordinate of the turtle (scaled to current units)
self.ycor lc.tw.canvas.ycor The current y coordinate of the turtle (scaled to current units)
self.set_turtle(name) lc.tw.canvas.set_turtle(1) Set the current turtle to turtle '1'

Other useful Python functions

Module Methods and data attributes Example Notes
from math import pow pow(2,3) returns 2 to the 3rd power (8) See http://docs.python.org/library/math.html
from math import sin, pi sin(45*pi/180) returns sin of 45 (0.707) See http://docs.python.org/library/math.html
from time import localtime localtime().tm_hour returns the current hour See http://docs.python.org/library/time.html
lc.heap.append(data) add data to the FILO See http://docs.python.org/tutorial/datastructures.html
data = lc.heap.pop(-1) pop data off of the FILO See http://docs.python.org/tutorial/datastructures.html

Plugins

As of Version 106, there is plugin support for Turtle Art. The basic idea is to let developers add new palettes and blocks to support additional functionality without having to make changes to any of the core Turtle Art packages. If a plugin is present, it is loaded when Turtle Art is launched and any palettes or blocks defined by the plugin are made available to the user.

The plugin mechanism is currently used to provide support for sensors, the camera, RFID, and the Media, Extras, and Portfolio palettes. A plugin has been developed for WeDo (and here) and additional plugins are being developed for Arduino, NXT, and GoGo.

NOTE: As of Version 193, it is necessary to use a set of refactored plugins. These will be posted to the wiki ASAP.

How to install a plugin

Plugins are typically distributed as a *.tar.gz archive.

In versions 137+, there is a built-in method for installing plugins from Turtle Art itself:

  1. Download the plugin to your Sugar Journal, a USB key, or $HOME/Documents.
  2. Click on the 'Load plugin' button found on the Activity toolbar.
  3. Select the plugin downloaded in Step 1.
  4. Go to the Palette toolbar to confirm that the plugin has installed and loaded properly.

In early versions of Turtle Art, please follow these instructions:

Archivemanager.jpg

In Gnome, click on the link in your browser and open with Archive Manager, extract the files in the plugins directory of the archive to 

/home/olpc/Activities/TurtleArt.activity/plugins

you may need to make the Activities directory writeable first, in Terminal type 

chmod 777 /home/olpc/Activities

If your distribution does not include Gnome, the following commands in Terminal will download the Physics archive to the current directory 

cd ~/Activities/TurtleArt.activity
wget http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/images/c/c1/Physics-plugin.tar.gz
gunzip Physics-plugin.tar.gz
tar xvf Physics-plugin.tar

Note that you should not need root access to install plugins into your home directory.

How to uninstall a plugin

Your plugin is installed in a subdirectory of 

/home/olpc/Activities/TurtleArt.activity/plugins

In Terminal or Gnome, delete that subdirectory. You may need to make the Activities directory writeable first, in Terminal type 

chmod 777 /home/olpc/Activities

Available plugins

These plugins would typically already be installed

  • turtleart-extras (the extra palettes that distinguish Turtle Blocks from Turtle Art)
  • turtleart-camera
  • turtleart-sensors
  • rfid (This plugin allows interfacing with a RFID reader)

Xevents

Xevents it's a plugin for make accesibility interfaces in an easy way.

Xpalette1.png

GIT code

http://sourceforge.net/p/butia/code/ci/master/tree/turtlebots/xevents/

Download

http://www.fing.edu.uy/inco/proyectos/butia/mediawiki/index.php/Archivo:Xevents.tar.gz

Wiki

http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Xevents

Butia

Add a palette to control the Butiá robot

Butia palette.png

And a extra palette to control the hacks pin of USB4Butiá board and special sensors:

Butia palette extra.png

Andrés Aguirre is part of the Butiá team in Montevideo:

We have released the 1.0 version of the sources, which has full integration with tortugarte (http://www.fing.edu.uy/inco/proyectos/butia/publicaciones.html). Last month we gave away nearly 30 Butiá robots in a robotic event organized by the University. These robots were given to secondary schools throughout the country, in this event we gave some tutorials and exercises to do with our help. One of the schools made a great line follower in tortugarte ;) : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Szp0LWLyPIg Then on the second day we give some tutorials and some children really enjoyed the experience, like Pedro a 10 year old child who really has programming skills! http://www.flickr.com/photos/butiarobot/5059177334/ http://www.youtube.com/aguirrea#p/u/7/p0y11iyhFko
In future months we will go to the schools where we give the robots to continue teaching and giving new challenges. If you would like to see more about Butiá, we have a flickr site: http://www.flickr.com/photos/butiarobot/ and also a web page: http://www.fing.edu.uy/inco/proyectos/butia

Ceibal has this publication (in Spanish): [8]

Butiá is also featured in a short film by Antel [9] (go to 1:30).

Proyecto Butiá (in Spanish) , Activities/TurtleBots (in English)

GIT code

Butia in SourceForge

Download

butia_plugin.tar.gz

FollowMe

This plugin uses the camera and get the position of an object of a color. The plugin add this palette: Turtleart-followme-palette2.png

Examples

The "classic" use: on "Start", use the "Calibrate" block to open a window that shows the camera output. In the center of that window there is red square. The FollowMe Plugin uses an algorithm that obtains the "promedial" color of the object in the square. The result of that algorithm is shown in a small square in the corner. When you consider that the color is a good "representation of the object", press any key, the window will close, and FollowMe will use this color. After calibration, you can use the "X position" and "Y position" blocks. The block "X position" is the "center" of the object seen by the camera along the "X" (horizontal) axis. This value is an integer between 0 and 320. When the object is not detected,the algorithm returns -1. The operation of the "Y position" block are the same, but returns the position respect the "Y" (vertical) axis. The value returned is between 0 and 240.

Turtleart-followme-classic.png

When you know the color to "follow" (it occurs rarely, since the color varies under changing light conditions) you can use the "Follow RGB" block. This block sets the color directly to the algorithm. In all cases, the color has a threshold of 25 in each component set by default. With the "Threshold" block this value can be changed.

Turtleart-followme-specificcolor.png

The third option, is to use the "FollowMe" block that "follows" a generic color similar to that shown.

Turtleart-followme-turtlecolor.png

Videos of the plugin ongoing:

FollowMe plugin in TurtleArt - Part 1

FollowMe plugin in TurtleArt - Part 2

The code used in this videos:

Turtleart-followme-example-ongoing.png

Download

followme_plugin.tar.gz

Pattern detection

Add a palette to enable pattern detection with the camera.

PatternDetectionPalette.png

Translation:

  • "Viendo Señal": Pattern in sight
  • "Distancia Señal" Pattern distance

This palette adds blocks to detect ARToolkit patterns and the distance to them. This plugin is an ARToolkit wrapper, and comes with several traffic signals already configured.

Examples

Here are some samples and videos on how to use the palette blocks.

PatternDetectionSampleStop.png

PatternDetectionSampleYield.png

PatternDetectionSampleWrongWay.png

Pattern detection plugin (in Spanish)

GIT code

Hosted with the Butiá source Pattern Detection in SourceForge (part of Butia project)

Download

pattern_detection.tar.gz

WeDo

Tony Forster created a WeDo plugin based on the work of I.T. Daniher. Alan Aguiar has also helped with the plugin.

The source code repository is available here: [10].

WeDo plugin.png

Download

Note: Check out https://github.com/itdaniher/WeDoMore/tree/master/udev for instructions on how to setup the proper permissions talk to the device. In the new versions of Sugar the udev is included.

LEGO NxT

Motors palette:

Turtleart-lego-nxt-palette.png

Sensors palette:

Turtleart-lego-nxt-palette-sensors.png

Examples

Turtleart-lego-nxt-example1.png

Moving the Turtle:

Example - Part 1

Example - Part 2

A crane: Example of Crane

GIT code

You can see all code in: NXT_plugin GIT

Downloads

LEGO NxT Plugin nxt_plugin.tar.gz

Expeyes

The Expeyes Plugin:

[11]

Expeyes.png

This is a first pass at a plugin for the ExpEyes Junior. For more info, see [12].

Note that you need to set up the udev rules for the device before first using this plugin by running the postinst script bundled with the plugin: 

sudo sh ~/Activities/TurtleArt.activity/plugins/eyes/postinst

Arduino

The Arduino is an inexpensive single board computer which can be controlled by Turtle Art and used for robotics experiments. The XO-4 touchscreen laptop comes with two unpopulated circuit boards, the XOstick and the XOrduino.

The Arduino Plugin:

Turtleart-arduino-palette.png

There are several efforts to develop Turtle Art support for Arduino.


The Arduino functionality was corrected from previous versions:

  • Analog and digital reading now works correctly
  • Auto detection of ttyUSBx port for FTDI device (Arduino board uses this for USB)

It requires the Firmata protocol to be uploaded to the Arduino board. (see here) Use the latest Firmata version (2.1 as of now) downloaded from the Firmata page (firmata.org) The Firmata version included with the Arduino IDE has some inconsistencies.

This version has english and spanish translations.

Examples

Turtleart-arduino-example1.png

GIT code

You can see all code in: arduino_plugin GIT

Downloads

The plugin file can be downloaded from arduino_plugin.tar.gz.

Currency

This plugin adds a pallette of currency (notes and coins), these items can be acted on by arithmetic operators

Oz currency.png Soles.png

File:Oz-coins.tar.gz Australian coins plugin
File:Oz-bills.tar.gz Australian bills plugin
File:Oz-coins-and-bills.tar.gz Australian coins and bills plugin
File:Colombia-currency.tar.gz Colombian peso plugin
File:Mexican-currency.tar.gz Mexican peso plugin
File:Paraguay-currency.tar.gz Paraguay Gurani plugin
File:Rwanda-currency.tar.gz Rwanda francs plugin
File:UY-currency.tar.gz Uruguayan peso plugin
File:US-bills.tar.gz US dollars plugin
File:Soles.tar.gz Peruvian Soles plugin
File:US-currency.tar.gz US dollars plugin

Nutrition

This is just a first rough pass at a plugin do calculations on the nutritional value of different food types. The plugin itself comes with some sample foods: apples, bananas, cookies, and cake. It is expected that the food choices will be customized by deployment. See https://www.choosemyplate.gov/SuperTracker/ for nutritional values (calories, protein, carbohydrates, fiber, and fat) of different foods.

Food-plugin.png

Downloads

File:Food-plugin.tar.gz (Note: Requires TurtleBlocks v133 or greater)

Physics

This plugin allows you to construct a Physics model which can be saved to the Journal and run with the Physics Activity Activities/Physics

Physics pallette.jpg

Use these blocks to create objects that are added to the bodylist and jointlist of a Box2d database used by the Physics Activity. Objects are positioned by the turtle x,y and colored based on the current pen attributes. From left to right:

  • density: set the object density (0 is light; 1 is heavy)
  • friction: set the object friction (0 is slippery; 1 is sticky)
  • bounciness: set the object restitution (0 is rigid; 1 is bouncy)
  • start polygon: use the current turtle x,y position to specify the first vertex of a polygon
  • add point: use the current turtle x,y position to add a vertex to a polygon
  • end polygon: use the current turtle x,y position to specify the last vertex of a polygon
  • end filled polygon: use the current turtle x,y position to specify the last vertex of a filled polygon
Note: The polygon must be 'normal', e.g., no crossed lines; no holes. Since Box2d does not support concave polygons, all polygons are converted to triangles (triangulation). (In Turtle Blocks, these triangles are shown by slight variations in color.)
  • triangle: add a triangle object at the current turtle x,y position
  • circle: add a circle object at the current turtle x,y position
  • rectangle: add a rectangle object at the current turtle x,y position
  • gear: add a gear object at the current turtle x,y position with the number of teeth as the argument
  • gear radius: returns the radius of a gear with the number of teeth as the argument (useful for positioning gears)
  • motor: add a motor at the current turtle x,y position (attached to the object at this position)
  • pin: add a pin at the current turtle x,y position (attached to the object at this position) to prevent movement
  • pen: add a pen at the current turtle x,y position (attached to the object at this position) to trace motion
  • joint: add a joint between the object at the current turtle x,y position and the object at x, y
  • save as Physics project: save the current bodylist and jointlist as a Physics project in the Journal

Note: The current model is cleared whenever the Erase button is pressed or a Clean block is run.

Example

A simple gear and motor generated in Turtle Art:

TAGearTA.png TAGear.png

For Turtle Blocks versions 107 - 183 File:TAgear.ta File:Gear.physics

For Turtle Blocks verisons 184 - [13]

A chain

Chain.png

Turtle Blocks project file: [14]

Downloads

File:Physics-plugin.tar.gz Physics plugin

git repository

Logic

This plugin provides logical bit operations in Turtle Art, such as AND, OR, XOR, NOT, logical shift left, logical shift right.

Logic.png

Example

And.png Lsl2.png

Downloads

File:Logic.tar.gz Logic plugin

Math

The math plugin allows to use advanced mathematical functions in your program.

Tb-math.png

Download

http://people.sugarlabs.org/francis/tb-math-plugin/

Source code

https://github.com/sdanielf/turtleblocks-math


Mashape

This plugins enable the mashape palette (plugins using web APIs)
The mashape palette is easy to detect, its use a sugarized icon of original mashape icon. (A monkey :))
Also, this version include Translate plugin.

Tb-mashape-palette.png

Tb-mashape-plugin.png

Download

File:TA-Mashape.tar.gz

Source code

https://github.com/ignaciouy/mashape-plugin

GNOME plugins

There are some plugins that are specific to running Turtle Art from the GNOME desktop. These include mechanisms for uploading projects to Facebook (See Activities/TurtleArt/Fb_plugin.py and http://turtleartsite.appspot.com/

(File:Turtleblocks-167.1.xo is the Alpha version of Turtle Art for GTK3. It requires GTK3 and GST1 (both available in Sugar 0.98 on OLPC 13.1.0 builds) This version includes the Facebook plugin.

TurtleArt + icaro = Tortucaro

See http://proyectofedora.org/argentina/?p=320

(The above link is down. The cached version of the page can be found at [15])

How to write a plugin

Your plugin should be placed in a subdirectory of the plugins directory. In that subdirectory, you need to create a .py file that defines a subclass of the Plugin class. The directory and .py file must have the same name and the subclass must also have the same name, with the additional requirement that the first letter of the class name be capitalized.

For example:

  • the camera plugin, camera_sensor.py is in ./plugins/camera_sensor
  • the class, Camera_sensor is defined in camera_sensor.py, e.g.,
from plugins.plugin import Plugin
class Camera_sensor(Plugin):

In that subdirectory, you will also need a __init__.py file (which can be empty) and optionally, an icon subdirectory for your palette icon.

Turtle Art calls the __init__ method when starting up and traps import errors as its means to determine whether or not a plugin has the resources it needs to run. (You may want to remove this exception handler when debugging your plugin. It is in the _init_plugins method in tawindow.py.) It then calls the setup method when creating the palettes. It calls the start method whenever a stack of blocks is run and the stop method when execution is over. Also, there are methods for goto_background, return_to_foreground, and quit. (These methods are typically ignored.)

Adding a new palette is simply a matter of: 

   palette = make_palette('mypalette',  # the name of your palette
                          colors=["#00FF00", "#00A000"],
                          help_string=_('Palette of my custom commands'))

For example, if we want to add a new turtle command, 'uturn', we'd use the add_block method in the Palette class. 

   palette.add_block('uturn',  # the name of your block
                     style='basic-style',  # the block style
                     label=_('u turn'),  # the label for the block
                     prim_name='uturn',  # code reference (see below)
                     help_string=_('turns the turtle 180 degrees'))

   # Next, you need to define what your block will do:
   # def_prim takes 3 arguments: the primitive name, the number of
   # of arguments, 0 in this case, and the function to call, in this
   # case, the canvas function to set the heading.
   self.tw.lc.def_prim('uturn', 0, lambda self: self.tw.canvas.seth(self.tw.canvas.heading + 180))


That's it. When you next run Turtle Art, you will have a 'uturn' block on the 'mypalette' palette.

You will have to create icons for the palette-selector buttons. These are kept in the icons subdirectory. You need two icons: mypaletteoff.svg and mypaletteon.svg, where 'mypalette' is the same string as the entry you used in instantiating the Palette class. Note that the icons should be the same size (55x55) as the others. (This is the default icon size for Sugar toolbars.)

As of Turtle Art v137, there is a built-in mechanism for installing plugins. Please include a plugin.info file in the top level of your tar.gz bundle. 

plugin.info
myplugin
   myplugin.py
   __init.py__
   icons
      mypluginoff.svg
      mypluginon.svg

The plugin.info file must contain the following sections and fields: 

[Plugin]
name=the name of your plugin
palette=the names of any palettes created by your plugin as a comma-separated list

e.g., 

[Plugin]
name=food
palette=eatme, food

Other fields, such as version, license, etc. may be used in the future.

About Turtle Art

Activity-turtleart.png

Turtle Art is a Fructose module, so it is included as part of the standard Sugar (Sucrose = Glucose+Fructose) distribution.

Background

Turtle Art was written by Brian Silverman and is maintained by Walter Bender. Arjun Sarwal added the sensor features. Luis Michelena contributed to the "named" action and box blocks. Tony Forster has been the lead test engineer and has really stretched the boundaries of Turtle Art. Raúl Gutiérrez Segalés has been a major contributor to the refactoring of the Turtle Art code base starting with Version 0.83.

Links

Sugar Activity Library

Sources

Manuals & Guides

Galleries

Feedback

Blogs

Other wiki pages

Release notes

Video

Bugs

i18n

Turtle Art currently has support for: de, el, en, es, fa_AF, fi, fr, hi, it, mn, nl, ps, pt, ru, sl, sv, ta, tr, vi, and zh_TW

(See our Pootle server for details about how to translate Turtle Art into your language.)

Reporting bugs

Please file bug reports here.

Looking under the hood

Turtle Art projects are stored as a .ta file contains a json-encoded serialization of the project.

The json encoding of a repeat 4 forward 100 right 90 project: 

[
 [0,"repeat",331,158,[null,1,2,null]],
 [1,["number","4"],417,167,[0,null]],
 [2,"forward",426,207,[0,3,4]],
 [3,["number","100"],500,216,[2,null]],
 [4,"right",426,246,[2,5,null]],
 [5,["number","90"],500,255,[4,null]],
 [-1,"turtle",0,0,0,0,50,5]
]

The basic structure of the encoding is a list of lists, where each block has these elements:

  1. block number
  2. block name or [block name, block value]
  3. x position (deprecated)
  4. y position (deprecated)
  5. list of connections to other blocks

Turtles are encoded at the end of the list:

  1. -1
  2. turtle or [turtle, turtle name]
  3. x position
  4. y position
  5. heading
  6. pen color
  7. pen shade
  8. pen width

Modifying Turtle Art

Turtle Art is under the MIT license. You are free to use it and learn with it. You are also encourage to modify it to suit your needs or just for a further opportunity to learn.

Much of the motivation behind the Version 83 refactoring of the code was to make it easier for you to make changes. Most changes can be confined to two modules: taconstants.py and talogo.py. The former defines the blocks and palettes; the latter defines what code is executed by a block.

Note: As of Version 106, there is also support for plugins. If you can use the plugin mechanism to add support for additional devices, e.g., Arduino, or for making modifications such as are described below without making changes to the standard code base. (The advantage to the latter is that your changes will remain intact even after you upgrade to a newer version.)

The tabasics.py file contains the constants that by-in-large determine the behavior of Turtle Art. Notably, the block palettes are defined below. If you want to add a new block to Turtle Art, you could simply add a block of code to that file or to turtle_block_plugin.py, which contains additional blocks. (Even better, write your own plugin!!)

Adding a new palette is simply a matter of: 

   palette = make_palette('mypalette',  # the name of your palette
                          colors=["#00FF00", "#00A000"],
                          help_string=_('Palette of my custom commands'))

For example, if we want to add a new turtle command, 'uturn', we'd use the add_block method in the Palette class. 

   palette.add_block('uturn',  # the name of your block
                     style='basic-style',  # the block style
                     label=_('u turn'),  # the label for the block
                     prim_name='uturn',  # code reference (see below)
                     help_string=_('turns the turtle 180 degrees'))

Next, you need to define what your block will do. def_prim takes 3 arguments: the primitive name, the number of arguments—0 in this case—and the function to call—in this case, the canvas.seth function to set the heading. 

   self.tw.lc.def_prim('uturn', 0,
       lambda self: self.tw.canvas.seth(self.tw.canvas.heading + 180))

That's it. When you next run Turtle Art, you will have a 'uturn' block on the 'mypalette' palette.

You will have to create icons for the palette-selector buttons. These are kept in the icons subdirectory. You need two icons: mypaletteoff.svg and mypaletteon.svg, where 'mypalette' is the same string as the entry you used in instantiating the Palette class. Note that the icons should be the same size (55x55) as the others. (This is the default icon size for Sugar toolbars.)

How to write a plugin

In Spanish: http://valentinbasel.fedorapeople.org/pdfs/turtle_art.pdf

Packaging

TurtleArt has both a Sugar and GNOME front-end. To package TurtleArt for your distro the following layout is recommended:

turtleart-core

TurtleArt/

icons/

images/

locale/

utils/

setup.py

NEWS

COPYING

turtleart-data

pysamples/

samples/

samples/images

turtleart-sugar

activity/

TurtleArtActivity.py

turtleart-gnome

collaboration/

turtleart.py

turtleart.desktop

gnome-plugins/

plugins

Included in each plugin would be:

plugins/plugin.py

plugins/__init__.py

turtleart-extras

plugins/turtle_blocks_extras/

plugins/turtle_blocks_extras/icons/

turtleart-camera

plugins/camera_sensor/

plugins/camera_sensor/icons/

turtleart-sensors

plugins/audio_sensors/

plugins/audio_sensors/icons/

turtleart-rfid

plugins/rfid/

plugins/rfid/icons/

plugins/rfid/serial/

turtleart-butia

plugins/butia/

plugins/butia/icons

plugins/butia/butia_support/

plugins/butia/butia_support/bobot/

plugins/butia/butia_support/bobot/drivers

plugins/butia/butia_support/bobot/lib

plugins/butia/butia_support/bobot/share

turtle-art currency

plugins/currency/

plugins/currency/icons

plugins/currency/images

Note: Requires v113 or greater

File:Oz-coins.tar.gz Australian coins plugin
File:Oz-bills.tar.gz Australian bills plugin
File:Oz-coins-and-bills.tar.gz Australian coins and bills plugin
File:US-currency.tar.gz US dollar plugin
File:Rwanda-currency.tar.gz Rwanda francs plugin
File:Paraguay-currency.tar.gz Paraguay Gurani plugin
File:Colombia-currency.tar.gz Colombian peso plugin
File:Mexican-currency.tar.gz Mexican peso plugin
File:US-bills.tar.gz US bills plugin
File:UY-currency.tar.gz Uruguayan peso plugin

turtleart-physics

plugins/physics/

plugins/physics/icons

File:Physics-plugin.tar.gz Physics plugin

Credits

  • Walter Bender and Raúl Gutiérrez Segalés maintain the code (with some occasional help from Simon Schampijer)
  • Especially helpful feedback from Tony Forster, Guzmán Trinidad, and Bill Kerr
  • Matthew Gallagher works on packaging and wrote the project-upload code
  • Brian Silverman is the first author of Turtle Art
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